| features of newspaper style | - alleges and claims, restrictions of time and space - special political and economic terms, non-term political vocabulary, newspaper cliches, abbreviations, neologisms; - syntactic constructions,... |
| features of publicist style | - combination of logical argumentation and emotional appeal; - features, common with the style of scientific prose and emotive prose; - coherent and logical syntactical structure, expanded system ... |
| colloquial words | - employed in non-official everyday communication - mark the message as informal, non-official, conversational - their use is associated with the oral form of communication "dad", "kid", "crony", ... |
| periodic sentences | - open with subordinate clauses, absolute and participial constructions, the main clause being withheld until the end - are known for their emphasis and are used mainly in creative prose such bein... |
| loose structure | - opens with the main clause, which is followed by dependent units; - less emphatic and is highly characteristic of informal writing and conversation; |
| high-flown words | - serve to satisfy communicative demands of official, scientific, high poetry and poetic messages, authorial speech of creative prose; - mainly observed in the written form; - contribute to the me... |
| literary words | - serve to satisfy communicative demands of official, scientific, high poetry and poetic messages, authorial speech of creative prose; - mainly observed in the written form; - contribute to the me... |
| bookish words | - serve to satisfy communicative demands of official, scientific, high poetry and poetic messages, authorial speech of creative prose; - mainly observed in the written form; - contribute to the me... |
| learned words | - serve to satisfy communicative demands of official, scientific, high poetry and poetic messages, authorial speech of creative prose; - mainly observed in the written form; - contribute to the me... |
| features of official style | - special system of cliches, terms and set expressions; conventionality of expression; - each of subdivisions of this style has its own peculiar terms, phrases and expressions; - the encoded chara... |
| balanced sentences | - subordinate-main-subordinate similar structuring of the beginning of the sentence and its end; - known for stressing the logic and reasoning of the content and thus preferred in publicist writin... |
| features of belles-lettres style | - use of words in contextual and very often in more than one dictionary meaning, or at least greatly influenced by the lexical environment. - a vocabulary which will reflect to a greater or lesser... |
| logical comparison | - (логическое) сопоставление a) an ordinary comparison of two objects belonging to the same classes (v.a.k.) she is like her mother. b) weighing two objects belonging to one class of things with...
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| indirect onomatopoeia | A combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense ("echo - writing") (i.r.g.) "and the silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain"(e.... |
| prolonged metaphor | A group (cluster) of metaphor s, each supplying another feature of the described phenomenon to present an elaborated image (v.a.k.) |
| sustained metaphor | A group (cluster) of metaphor s, each supplying another feature of the described phenomenon to present an elaborated image (v.a.k.) |
| cacophony | A sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing (v.a.k.) nor soul helps flesh now//more than flesh helps soul. (r.browning) see: alliteration , assonance |
| cluster sds | A small group (cluster) of sds, which - operate on the same linguistic mechanism: namely, one word-form is deliberately used in two meanings; - have humorous effect, and - include: pun or paronoma... |
| detached construction | A stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation (intonation) (v.a.k.) i have to beg you nearly killed, ingloriously, in a jeep accident. (i... |
| logical climax | A three-step climax (the most widely spread model), in which intensification of logical importance, of emotion or quantity (size, dimensions) is gradually rising step by step (v.a.k.) •• is based ... |
| emotive climax | A two-step climax , in which the second part repeats the first one and is further strengthened by an intensifier (v.a.k.) •• is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words with emoti... |
| verbal irony | A type of irony when it is possible to indicate the exact word whose contextual meaning diametrically opposes its dictionary meaning, in whose meaning we can trace the contradiction between the sa... |
| individual style | A unique combination of language units, expressive means and stylistic device s peculiar to a given writer, which makes that writer`s works or even utterances easily recognisable (i.r.g.) see: sty... |
| semantically false chains | A variation of zeugma when the number of homogeneous members, semantically disconnected, but attached to the same verb, increases (v.a.k.) a governess wanted. must possess knowledge of romanian, r... |
| gap-sentence link | A way of connecting two sentences seemingly unconnected and leaving it to the reader`s perspicacity to grasp the idea implied, but not worded she and that fellow ought to be the sufferers, and the... |
| sustained irony | A) a type of irony , intuitively feeling the reversal of the evaluation, formed by the contradiction of the speaker`s (writer`s) considerations and the generally accepted moral and ethical codes; ... |
| i.r.g. | A) i.r.galperin. stylistics. 2nd ed., rev., ed. by l.r.todd. m.: higher school, 1977 b) гальперин и.р. стилистика английского языка. учебник. изд. 2-е, испр. и доп. под ред. л.р.тодд. м.: высш. шк... |
| v.a.k. | A) v.a.kuckharenko. a book of practice in stylistics. 2nd rev. and suppl. ed. a manual for students of foreign languages departments of higher educational institutions. vinnytsia: nova knyga, 2000... |
| quantitative climax | An evident increase in the volume of the corresponding concepts (i.r.g.) they looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable kitchens. (s.maugham) littl... |
| repetition types: | Anaphora , epiphora , framing , catch repetition or anadiplosis , chain repetition , ordinary repetition , successive repetition ; synonymical repetition ; - is a powerful mean of emphasis; - adds... |
| lexico-syntactical stylistic devices | Certain structures, whose emphasis depends not only on the arrangement of sentence members but also on the lexico-semantic aspect of the utterance (v.a.k.) - include: antithesis , climax , anticli... |
| lexico-syntactical sds | Certain structures, whose emphasis depends not only on the arrangement of sentence members but also on the lexico-semantic aspect of the utterance (v.a.k.) - include: antithesis , climax , anticli... |
| apokoinu | Constructions the omission of the pronominal (adverbial) connective - create a blend of the main and the subordinate clauses so that - the predicative or the object of the first one is simultaneou... |
| epic simile | Extended simile , sustained expression of likeness see: simile |
| homeric simile | Extended simile , sustained expression of likeness see: simile |
| occasional words | Extension of the normative valency which results in the formation of new words. an effective way of using a morpheme for the creation of additional information. they are not neologisms in the true... |
| nonce-words | Extension of the normative valency which results in the formation of new words. an effective way of using a morpheme for the creation of additional information. they are not neologisms in the true... |
| full rhyme | Identity of the vowel sound and the following consonant sounds in a stressed syllable (might - right, needless - heedless) |
| syntactical level | Include syntactical stylistic devices , repetition , sentence structure , types of connection , arrangement of sentence members, completeness of sentence structure the most conspicuous places in t... |
| set expressions | Include: cliches, proverbs and sayings, epigram s, quotations, allusion s |
| lexical stylistic devices | Include: metaphor , personification ; metonymy , synecdoche ; cluster sds ; play on words, irony , epithet , hyperbole , understatement , oxymoron see: set expressions , cluster sds , syntactical ... |
| lexical sds | Include: metaphor , personification ; metonymy , synecdoche ; cluster sds ; play on words, irony , epithet , hyperbole , understatement , oxymoron see: set expressions , cluster sds , syntactical ... |
| types of connection | Include: polysyndeton , asyndeton , attachment , gap-sentence link see: enumeration , completeness of sentence structure |
| syntactical stylistic devices | Include: sentence length, one-word sentences , punctuation , rhetorical question , parallel construction , chiasmus , inversion , suspense , detachment , ellipsis , one-member sentences, apokoinu ... |
| syntactical sds | Include: sentence length, one-word sentences , punctuation , rhetorical question , parallel construction , chiasmus , inversion , suspense , detachment , ellipsis , one-member sentences, apokoinu ... |
| completeness of sentence structure | Includes: ellipsis , apokoinu constructions , break-in-the-narrative or aposiopesis see: types of connection , syntactical sds |
| lexical level | Includes: literary words , neutral words , colloquial words see: trope ; phono-graphical level , syntactical level ; stylistics |
| stratum of words | Includes: literary words , neutral words , colloquial words see: trope ; phono-graphical level , syntactical level ; stylistics |
| word-stock | Includes: literary words , neutral words , colloquial words see: trope ; phono-graphical level , syntactical level ; stylistics |
| phono-graphical level | Includes: onomatopoeia , alliteration , assonance , graphon see: morphological level , stylistics |
| morphological level | Includes: onomatopoeia , morphemic repetition see: phono-graphical level , stylistics |
| question-in-the-narrative | Is asked and answered by one and the same person, usually the author `for what is left the poet here?//for greeks a blush - for greece a tear. (byron - don juan) - does not contain statement unlik... |
| nonsense of non-sequence | Joining two semantically disconnected clauses into one sentence (a.v.k.) emperor nero played the fiddle, so they burnt rome. (y.esar) see: cluster sds |
| grammatical | - Metaphor
- A 1 грамматический; lexical-~ лексико-грамматический; 2 грамматически правильный alternation, ambiguity, analogy, category, correctness, error, feature, form, formative, ge...
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| one-word sentences | Possess a very strong emphatic impact, for their only word obtains both the word- and the sentence-stress. the word constituting a sentence also obtains its own sentence-intonation which, too, hel... |
| jargonisms | - Proper such jargonisms which - served to conceal the actual significance of the utterance from the uninitiated; - originated from the thieves` jargon (l`argo, cant); - was to be cryptic, secre...
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| morphemic repetition | Repetition of a morpheme, both root and affixational, to emphasise and promote it (v.a.k.) they unchained, unbolted and unlocked the door. (a.bennett) laughing, crying, cheering, chaffing, singing... |
| violation of phraseological units | Restoring the literal original meaning of the word, which lost some of its semantic independence and strength in a phraseological unit or cliche. (a.v.k.) little john was born with a silver spoon ... |
| affective epithet | Serves to convey the emotional evaluation of the object by the speaker (v.a.k.) "gorgeous", "nasty", "magnificent", "atrocious" see: figurative epithet or transferred epithet , epithet , lexical s... |
| consonant rhymes | Show concordance in consonants and disparity in vowels (worth - forth, tale - tool - treble - trouble; flung - long) |
| special colloquial words | Slang , jargonisms , vulgarisms , dialectical words |
| terms | - Special literary words , denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique (v.a.k.)
- The link to the microsoft service agreement. terms (n)
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| half-registered | Structure полуотмеченная структура структура с нарушением лексической (once bellow a time) или грамматической (chips of when) сочетаемости (н.хомский) colorless green ideas sleep furiously (н.хомс... |
| special literary words | Such literary words as terms and archaisms (v.a.k.) |
| special slang | Such special colloquial words which - stand close to slang , also being substandard, expressive and emotive, but, unlike slang - are used by limited groups of people, united either professionally ... |
| general slang | Such special colloquial words which - used by most speakers in very and highly informal, substandard communication - are highly emotive and expressive and as such - lose their originality rather f... |
| foregrounding | The ability of a verbal element to obtain extra significance, to say more in a definite context (prague linguists) see: irony , epithet , stylistic device приоритетное обслуживание;; решение задач с высоким приоритетом foreground-initiated background фоновая работа, инициированная приоритетным заданием foreground-initiated background job задание фонового раздела, инициированное в разделе переднего плана; |
| neutral words | The overwhelming majority of lexis (v.a.k.) see: literary words , colloquial words |
| vowel rhymes | The vowels of the syllable in corresponding words are identical, but the consonants may be different (flesh --fresh - press) |
| autology | Автология особый стилистический приём (минус-приём) преднамеренной простоты описания посредством слов, употреблённых только в прямых значениях (i.v.a.) |
| морфологические особенности научного стиля - | Авторская речь построена в первом лице множ. ч. "мы": 1) наука создана содружеством большого кол-ва учёных, 2) вовлечение читателей в процесс рассуждения и доказательства; we are coming to realise... |
| alliteration | - Аллитерация the repetition of consonants, usually in the beginning of words ... silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain (e.a.poe) the furrow followed free. (s.t.coleridge) the ita...
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| catch repetition | Анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык a, a the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one the stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise and... |
| reduplication | - Анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык a, a the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one the stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise...
стратиграфический интерва; стратиграфический интервал взброса; |
| anadiplosis | Анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык a, a the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one the stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise and... |
| epanalepsis | Анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык a, a the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one the stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise and... |
| linking | - Анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык a, a the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one the stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise...
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