Глоссарий содержит определения по испытаниям на герметичность, инфракрасным и термическим испытаниям, электромагнитному тестированию, акустико-эмиссионным испытаниям, ультразвуковому контролю, визуальному тестированию.
| deep etching | Severe etching of a metallic surface for examination at a magnification of ten diameters or less to reveal gross features such as segregation, cracks, porosity or grain flow. |
| protective material (rt) | Shielding material used for the purpose of radiation protection. |
| flakes | - Short discontinuous internal fissures in ferrous metals attributed to stresses produced by localized transformation and decreased solubility of hydrogen during cooling after hot working. in a ...
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| back reflection (ut) | Signal from the far boundary of the test part. |
| degreasing fluid | - Solvents or cleaners employed to remove oil and grease from the surface of components before the penetrant liquid is applied.
- Chemical cleaning agents used to remove contaminants fr...
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| quick-break | Sometimes called “fast break.” the sudden breaking of a direct current causes a transient current to be induced in the part by the rapid collapse of the magnetic field. in magnetic particle testin... |
| focused beam (ut) | Sound beam that converges to a focal spot. |
| far field (ut) | Sound beam zone in which equal reflectors give signals of exponentially decreasing amplitude with increasing distance; zone beyond the near field; also known as the fraunhofer zone. |
| licensed material (rt) | Source material, special nuclear material, or byproduct material received, possessed, used, or transferred under a general or special license issued by the nuclear regulatory commission or an agre... |
| sod (rt) | Source to object distance. the distance between x-ray tube or radioisotope and the object being radiographed. |
| specific activity (rt) | - Specific activity is a measure of the activity per unit weight generally measured in curies per gram (si) dis/sec-dm (see curie).
- Total radioactivity of a given isotope per gram of ...
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| miniature angle beam block (ut) | Specific type of reference standard primarily used for the angle beam method, but also used for the straight beam and surface wave methods. |
| iiw block | Specific type of reference standard used for angle beam, straight beam, and surface wave methods. see iiw. |
| astm block | Specific type of reference standard, cylindrically shaped and having a specified size fbh at a specified metal travel distance from the top of the block. see astm. |
| decay (rt) | Spontaneous change of a nucleus with emission of a particle or a photon. for a definite quality of a nuclide, the rate of decay is usually expressed in terms of half-life. decay curve (rt) |
| bunsen-roscoe reciprocity law (rt) | States that the end result of a photochemical reaction is dependent only on the product of the radiation intensity (1) and the duration of the exposure (t), and is independent of absolute values o... |
| continuous wave (ut) | Steady generation of ultrasonic energy; opposite of pulsed. |
| aircraft quality steel | Steel is produced in such a way as to be as nearly free of discontinuities as possible. |
| overheated | Steel is subjected to such high temperatures that coarse grains are produced without destroying the stock as in burning. this may be corrected by suitable heat treatment. |
| semi-killed steel | Steel that is incompletely deoxidized and contains sufficient dissolved oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide to offset solidification shrinkage. |
| austenitic steels | Steels whose constituents remain in solution with each other at room temperature and are, therefore, non-magnetic and corrosion resistant. |
| thermal stresses | Stresses in metal, resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution. |
| wave train (ut) | Succession of ultrasonic waves arising from the same source, having the same characteristics, and propagating along the same path. |
| multiple reflections (ut) | Successive echoes of ultrasonic energy between two surfaces |
| external discontinuities | - Surface irregularities that cause density variations on a radiograph. these are observable with the naked eye.
- Discontinuities on the outside or exposed surface of a test object.1 f...
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| masking (rt) | Surrounding specimens or covering thin sections with absorptive material to eliminate scatter and halation on the film image. |
| theta (0) | Symbol for the half angle of beam spread; the greek letter theta. |
| phi (0) | Symbol for the sound beam angle as measured from the normal to a sound entry or sound-reflecting surface; the greek letter phi. |
| lambda (k) | Symbol for wavelength; the eleventh letter of the greek alphabet. |
| film gamma (rt) | Term used to describe the amplification factor of a radiographic film, equal to the absolute slope of the characteristic curve. |
| flash x-ray | Term used to describe the technique in which a tube capable of producing very short (10 to 100 nanoseconds) high-intensity pulses of radiation are used for special radiographic investigations. |
| transmission characteristics (ut) | Test part characteristics that influence the transmitting and receiving of ultrasonic energy in an inspection; includes surface effects and internal effects. |
| contact testing (ut) | Testing with transducer assembly in direct contact with material through a thin layer of couplant. |
| piezoelectric (ut) | That ability of a material to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. pig |
| industrial radiology (rt) | That branch of radiology covering industrial applications of ionizing radiation. |
| maximum permissible dose (mpd) | That dose of ionizing radiation which competent authorities have established as the maximum that can be absorbed without undue risk to human health. |
| optimum frequency (et, ut) | That frequency, which provides the highest signal-to-noise ratio obtainable for the detection of an individual property such as conductivity, crack, or inclusion of the test specimen. each type of... |
| surface tension (pt) | That property due to molecular forces, by which the surface of all liquids tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. |
| amplitude response | - That property of the test system whereby the amplitude of the detected signal is measured without regard to phase.
- Property of a test system whereby the amplitude of the detected si...
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| retentivity (mt) | The ability of a material to retain magnetism after the current has been removed. |
| wetting action (mt) | The ability of a solution to adhere to the surface of an object. |
| magnetism (mt) | The ability of matter to attract other matter to itself and exhibit polarity. |
| dark adaption | The ability of the eye to adjust so that objects, lights, or colors can be seen in darkened areas. this is important when performing a fluorescent penetrant, fluorescent magnetic particle inspecti... |
| bleed out (pt) | The action by which the penetrant exudes out of the discontinuities onto the surface of a component, due primarily to “capillary action” and to “blotting” or “soaking up” effect of the developer.<... |
| blotting (pt) | The action of the developer in soaking up the penetrant from the surface of the discontinuity, so as to cause maximum bleed out of the dye penetrant for increased contrast and sensitivity. |
| slugging (stubbing) | The addition of a separate piece or pieces of material in a joint before or during welding. |
| soluble (pt) | The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of another substance and is typically expressed as the number of parts by weight dissolved by 100 parts of solvent at a specified tem... |
| intensity, radiation (rt) | The amount of energy passing per unit time per unit area at a point in a beam of radiation, the area being perpendicular to the direction of propagation. |
| impact energy (impact value) | The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by means of an izod or charpy test. |
| black light intensity (pt, mt) | The amount of properly filtered black light measured at the surface of the part being inspected. |
| water tolerance (it) | The amount of water that a penetrant or emulsifier can absorb before its effectiveness is impaired. |
| scattering angle (rt) | The angle between the directions of propagation of the incident and scattered radiation. |
| angle of reflection (ut) | The angle defined by the direction of propagation of refracted wave and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence. |
| angle of incidence (ut) | The angle defined by the direction of propagation of refracted wave and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence. |
| critical angle (ut) | The angle of the incident sound beam with respect to the normal to an interface, beyond which a given mode of refracted beam will not exist. |
| separation angle | The angle on the impedance plane between the thickness change curve and the liftoff curve for a specific material. |
| source size, effective | The apparent dimensions, as viewed along the beam axis, of that portion of the source from which ionizing radiation are emitted. for the purpose of calculating geometric unsharpness, the effective... |
| pole (mt) | The area on a magnetized part from which the magnetic field leaves or enters the part. |
| target (rt) | The area on the anode of an x-ray tube on which the electron stream impinges and from which the primary beam of x-rays is emitted. |
| focal spot (rt) | The area on the target that receives the bombardment of electrons and emits the primary radiation necessary to produce an image of the object on a radiographic film. the spot at which the sound be... |
| spectral sensitivity (rt) | The areas of the emr spectrum to which a film is sensitive. silver bromide films are all sensitive to ultraviolet and blue light as well as x-rays. screen-type medical x-ray films are designed to ... |
| average life (mean life) (rt) | The arithmetic means value of the lives of the atoms of a radioactive nuclide. it is the reciprocal of the decay constant. |
| grain size (rt) | The average size of the silver halide particles in a photographic emulsion. |
| mean life | The average time during which an atom or other system exists in a particular form. |
| coil spacing | - The axial distance between two encircling coils in a different system.
- In eddy current testing, the axial distance between two encircling or inside coils of a differential or remote...
интервал между обмотками; |
| refracted beam (ut) | The beam that occurs in the second medium when an ultrasonic beam passes obliquely from one medium to another when each medium has different sound velocities. |
| sensitivity (mt, et, rt, pt, ut) | The capacity or degree of responsiveness to magnetic particle inspection. the ability of an ultrasonic system to detect a very small discontinuity. the ability of a penetrant to detect surface def... |
| probe wobble (et) | The change in angular orientation between a surface probe and the inspection surface. probe wobble results in lift-off variations. |
| seeability (pt, mt) | The characteristic of an indication that enables an observer to see it against the conditions of background, outside light, etc. |
| continuous spectrum (rt) | The characteristic radiation pattern that exhibits energies for an unbroken series of frequencies over a wide range. |
| pre-cleaning | The cleaning of a part before testing so that it is free from all foreign material (paint, grease, oil, rust, scale, layout dye, wax crayon markings, etc.) which may cover a surface discontinuity ... |
| field coil (et) | The coil generating the magnetic field that produces eddy currents in the part being tested. |
| reflection density (rt) | The common logarithm of the ratio of the brightness of a non-absorbing perfect diffuser to that of the sample, both being illuminated at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface, the direction of mea... |
| eutectic alloy | The composition in a binary alloy system that melts at the lowest temperature. more than one eutectic composition may occur in a given alloy system consisting of more than two metals. |
| radioactivity concentration guide | The concentration of radioactivity in an environment that results in doses equal to those in the radiation protection guide. this federal radiation council term replaces the former “maximum permis... |
| resonance (ut) | The condition in which the frequency of the forced vibration (ultrasonic wave) is the same as the natural frequency of the body (test piece) which results in abnormally large amplitudes of vibrati... |
| restrainer (rt) | The constituent (e.g., potassium bromide) that reduces the activity of the developing agent but enhances its preferential action by reducing the rate of development of unexposed grains to a greate... |
