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In lieu
| Экономический глоссарий |
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Вместо, русский
- Вместо, взамен, в обмен, за, на место, на смену, в возмещение; в награду, в отместку. где бы (т. е. вместо того, чтобы) скорей бежать, он стал раздумывать. чем бодриться, так лучше смириться (посл.). , взамен
- Вместо, в счёт. одно из часто употребляемых в юридических и финансовых текстах латинских словосочетаний. in lieu of notice - вместо предупреждения.
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Lieu de mesure de debit, французский
Lieu de recreation, французский
Lieut., английский
Lieutenant
Lieutenant, английский
[1] a deputy or substitute (latin locum tenens = in place of ). [2] a junior naval or military officer. [3] used in combination with another military title denotes an officer of the next lower rank (e.g., lieutenant-general). this is one of the oldest military titles, and in naval use can be traced back to the twelfth century when a sailing master had full command of the ship, while the captain was responsible for embarked soldiers, with a non-commissioned lieutenant as his military deputy. by about 1580 the captain had assumed command of the ship, with the master as a subordinate responsible for shiphandling and navigation. the lieutenant was expected to replace the captain in case of death or incapacitation, but was still non-commissioned, being appointed with no official rank. some 50 years later, naval lieutenants had evolved beyond their purely military role to become professional commissioned sea officers. in about 1677, shortly after his appointment as secretary of the admiralty, samuel pepys introduced formal examinations which had to be passed to qualify for a third lieutenant’s commission. thereafter advancement depended entirely on seniority. third and second lieutenants each had specific shipboard duties in addition to their prime responsibilities of standing watch and commanding a division of guns in battle (see separate entry for first lieutenant). in the days of rated warships, a first-rate normally carried seven to nine lieutenants (one first, one or two seconds, and five or six thirds). the complement diminished with the vessel’s rating (for example a third-rate had five lieutenants, while a sixth rate had only two). nowadays, a naval lieutenant is senior to lieutenant (jg) or sublieutenant, and junior to lieutenant commander. at its inception in 1775, the continental navy essentially adopted the then current royal navy rank structure, including that of lieutenant (see table 15). an army or marine lieutenant is senior to second lieutenant and junior to captain. pronunciation is loo-tenant in america. until world war ii all british commonwealth navies said let-enant, but the influx of temporary non-career officers overwhelmed that tradition and substituted the army’s lef-tenant, the former pronunciation being retained only by the canadian armed forces maritime command. lieutenant-at-arms: formerly, a warship’s most junior lieutenant, responsible for assisting the master- at-arms in training seamen to handle small arms.
Lieutenant colonel, английский
Lieutenant commander, английский
A commissioned naval officer ranking above lieutenant and below commander. in sailing ship navies, senior lieutenants were often given command of vessels too small to justify a captain or commander. in the rn they were given the courtesy title lieutenant-in-command, while the usn used lieutenant commanding or lieutenant commandant. in 1882, the usn replaced those courtesy titles with the distinct rank of lieutenant commander. thirty-two years later the rn followed suit inserting a hyphen. both navies used the rank insignia previously used by a lieutenant with eight years seniority (two stripes with a thinner one in between). the equivalent army and marine rank is major (considered a “field” or senior rank, while lt.cdr is theoretically still a junior officer).
Lieutenant, in the royal navy, английский
The officer next in rank and power below the commander. there are several lieutenants in a large ship, and they take precedence according to the dates of their commissions. the senior lieutenant, during the absence of the commander, is charged with the command of the ship, as also with the execution of whatever orders he may have received from the commander relating to the queen`s service; holding another`s place, as the name implies in french.— lieutenant in the army. the subaltern officer next in rank below the captain.
Lieutenant, junior grade, английский
This usn title was created in 1883 when congress ruled that the rank of master (formerly sailing master) “be changed to that of lieutenant, the masters now on the list to constitute a junior grade of, and be commissioned as lieutenants, having the same rank and pay as now provided by law for masters.” the equivalent rn rank is sub-lieutenant, which had been introduced in much the same way 22 years earlier (see tables 13 and 15). liberty 178
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Вне компетенции, русский
Вне компетенции, с превышением правоспособности. одно из часто употребляемых в юридических и финансовых текстах латинских словосочетаний. концепция, которая описывает действия компании, осуществляемые вне ее полномочий, предусмотренных учредительными доку
In the money, английский
- Опцион с выигрышем - статус опциона “колл”, когда рыночная стоимость соответствующей ценной бумаги выше, чем цена исполнения опциона, или статус опциона “пут”, когда рыночная стоимость соответствующей ценной бумаги ниже, чем цена исполнения опциона;
- Целесообразность реализации опциона (состояние рынка
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