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Bootstrap estimate of standard error
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
The name for this idea comes from the idiom "to pull oneself up by one`s bootstraps," which connotes getting out of a hole without anything to stand on. the idea of the bootstrap is to assume, for the purposes of estimating uncertainties, that the sample is the population, then use the se for sampling from the sample to estimate the se of sampling from the population. for sampling from a box of numbers, the sd of the sample is the bootstrap estimate of the sd of the box from which the sample is drawn. for sample percentages, this takes a particularly simple form: the se of the sample percentage of n draws from a box, with replacement, is sd(box)/n½, where for a box that contains only zeros and ones, sd(box) = ((fraction of ones in box)×(fraction of zeros in box) )½. the bootstrap estimate of the se of the sample percentage consists of estimating sd(box) by ((fraction of ones in sample)×(fraction of zeros in sample))½. when the sample size is large, this approximation is likely to be good.
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Estimating, английский
- The process of calculating the cost of a project. this can be a formal and exact process or a quick and imprecise process.
- Составление сметы
Population, английский
- A definable set of individual units to which the findings from statistical examination of a sample subset are intended to be applied. the population will generally much outnumber the sample. in re-randomisation statistics the process of applying inference
- See stock.
- A collection of units being studied. units can be people, places, objects, epochs, drugs, procedures, or many other things. much of statistics is concerned with estimating numerical properties (parameters) of an entire population from a random sample of units from the population.
- A group or number of people living within a specified area or sharing similar characteristics (such as occupation or age).
- Население; народонаселение; генеральная совокупность (в выборочном наблюдении); популяция (биол)
- Население
- 1. the number of people living in a country or town population statistics show that the birth rate is slowing down. the government has decided to screen the whole population of the area. 2. the number of patients in hospital the hospital population in the area has fallen below 10,000.
- Популяция
- Население; популяция -
- Популяция. в клинических исследованиях совокупность субъектов, обладающих какими-либо одинаковыми признаками (пол, возраст, диагноз).
- Население; популяция
- Any group of individuals, usually of a single species, occupying a given area at the same time; groups of organisms with homologue (same) alleles. p. cycle: changes in the numbers of individuals in a population which repeatedly oscillate between periods of high and low density. p. density: allowing a mathematically precise reflection - pd. • absolute: pd = number of individuals/unit area or volume [1/m2] or [1/m3] • relative: pd allows only a simple comparison (pd <, =, >, ? etc.). p. dynamics: the variations in time and space in the sizes and densities of populations; distribution due to changing food resources - the stability of a population depends upon abiotic factors, intraspecific competition (density dependent), natality, mortality etc. p. ecology: the study of the variations in time and space in the sizes and densities of populations, and of the factors causing those variations. p. fluctuation: variations over time in the size of a population. p. growth: is zero, when the birth rate equals the death rate (see carrying capacity). nt+1 = nt + r nt, current number of individuals r = (natality + immigration) - (mortality+emigration) r, intrinsic rate of growth (see density) p. pyramid: a means of illustrating the age structure of a population diagrammatically, by placing the youngest age class at the base and stacking successive age classes above it. p. regulation : a tendency in a population for some factor to cause density to increase when it is low and to decrease nt, momentary number of individuals when it is high. n0, number of individuals at start
- Generally, a collection of individuals with common characteristics. in statistics, a potentially infinite collection of independent (->independence) units that include all units of a specified type with attention paid only to the agggregate (->aggregation) property of the collection. a sample of data drawn from this population is a subset of the units constituting this population and scientific generalizations from such samples are limited by the size of the population originally specified (->model, ->representation).
- The process of scanning content to compile and maintain an index.
- Fish of the same species inhabiting a specified geographic area.
Particularly, английский
Percentage, английский
- Pourcentage
- Процент
- The proportion rate in every hundred or for every hundred what is the percentage of long-stay patients in the hospital?
- Процент; процентное содержание; процентный состав; процентное отношение percentage-of-completion method метод "по мере готовности"
- Процентное значение; значение величины, выраженное в процентах; процентное содержание о ~ by
- Комиссионные (выраженные в процентах)
Replacement, английский
- Замена
- Замещение; возмещение; воспроизводство^
- An operation to replace part of the body with an artificial part
- N подстановка replacive a замещающий, подстановочный
- Construction of a new pipe or underground utility located on or off the line of the existing systems, which serves the same function as the old system.
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Not, !, negation, logical negation, английский
The negation of a logical proposition p, !p, is a proposition that is the logical opposite of p. that is, if p is true, !p is false, and if p is false, !p is true. negation takes precedence over other logical operations. other common symbols for the negation operator include ¬, − and ˜.
Method of comparison, английский
The most basic and important method of determining whether a treatment has an effect: compare what happens to individuals who are treated (the treatment group) with what happens to individuals who are not treated (the control group).
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