|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double spending
| Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну |
Double-spending is the result of successfully spending some money more than once. bitcoin is the first to implemented a solution in early 2009 which protects against double spending by verifying each transaction added to the blockchain to ensure that the inputs for the transaction had not previously already been spent
|
|
Double, английский
- Snooker or british term for a kick or bank shot
- Двойной; дублированный
- Двойной
- Flemish bond a brickwork pattern
- L stair a platform stair with two intermediate landings, one near the top and one near the bottom, with a 90° change of direction at each landing. double-margin door a door having the appearance of a double door.
- Roman tile a roman tile having an additional roll up the center of the tile that matches (and is parallel to) the roll at its edges.
- A удвоенный (син. geminate) consonant, primary
- [1] to attack an enemy vessel from both sides simultaneously. [2] to sail around a headland, cape, or peninsula. [3] to overlap two sections of a mast or spar. [4] to cover a ship’s hull with extra planking when the original has loosened. [5] when dog 100 preceded by “on the” or “at the” a command to move at a running pace.
- A stand of two standard lengths of drill rods or drill pipe coupled together. also called
- Горе ~ двухканатная подвесная дорога
- See double trailer. double
Double, английский
Double (triple) concave hull shape, английский
Двояко (трояко) вогнутая форма корпуса
Double -, английский
- Двойной фальц
- Двупольная дверь
Double - cantilever gantry crane, английский
Double - circuit tower, английский
Double - curvature shell, английский
Double - deck bridge, английский
Double - fenetre, французский
Double - layer reinforcement, английский
Double acting, английский
Двойного действия
Double acting cylinder, английский
Гц двухстороннего действия см. также differential cylinder
Double action press, английский
Double addition, английский
Сложение с двойной точностью
Double address, английский
Двойная адресация double-address instruction двухадресная команда double-bit error ошибка в двух разрядах; двухбитовая ошибка
Double aging, английский
Double amplitude, английский
Двойная амплитуда
Double angle, английский
Two l-shaped metal structural members which are fastened together, back to back.
Double architrave, английский
An architrave, 1 having two decorative bands around an opening (such as a door or window in a wall of a building); usually the bands are in different planes, separated by an ornamental molding.
Double arcing, английский
Double auction market, английский
Systems by which listed securities are bought and sold through brokers on the securities exchanges, as distinguished from the otc market, where trades are negotiated. unlike the conventional auction with one auctioneer and many buyers, double auction markets consist of many sellers and many buyers.
Transaction, английский
- Любое событие в результате которого происходит изменение финансовой позиции организации в ходе её обычной работы. примером транзакции является осуществление покупки с помощью кредитной карты.
- (транзакция) соглашение между покупателем и продавцом, для продажи актива;
- Операция открытия/закрытия позиции.
- Экономическая операция (в снс; элементарный акт хозяйственной деятельности, совершаемый между хозяйственными единицами: производство, капиталовложения, потребление и др.; операции могут быть односторонними и двусторонними, капитальными и текущими, товарными и нетоварными, фактическими и условными, расчетными)
- A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. in a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and entering into contracts are also valid transaction types.
- A data manipulation action processed by a database.
- A physical economic exchange action.
- A social economic exchange action.
- An event or condition that is recorded in asset, liability, expense, revenue, and/or equity accounts. sales to customers or purchases from vendors are examples of transactions.
- The pairing of two or more actions that are performed together as a single action; the action succeeds or fails as a whole.
- The posting or registration of a change on a document or a journal line.
- The delivery of a security by a seller and its acceptance by the buyer.
- Операция
- Language use to achieve ends rather than maintain social relationships.
- Information that entrance transfers to another computer system, either directly (via dll or other interface) or by saving it in a transfer file.
Blockchain, английский
- A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). each block is then ‘chained’ to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. this allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions.
- Shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. it is a cryptographed, secure, tamper resistant distributed database. it solves a complex mathematical problem to exist. a blockchain is a perfect place to store value, identities, agreements, property rights, credentials, etc. once you put something like a bitcoin into it, it will stay there forever. it is decentralized, disintermediated, cheap and censorship resistant. applications of blockchain: bitcoin (cryptocurrency), namecoin (wants to replace the entire dns system of the internet), or sia (a decentralized cloud storage), ethereum (turing complete virtual machine where you can run any smart contract); any centralized service like ebay, dropbox can potentially be built in a decentralized way using blockchain technology, considerably lowering transaction costs
- Think of blockchain as a database or a spreadsheet. but a really special spreadsheet. there`s no centralized master copy. instead, it`s shared on many computers. it`s special because you can only add to it. there`s no editing of history. the database is divided into chronological sub-sheets. these are the blocks. the last line of any block summarizes all of the data in the block, and ч and this is pretty important ч appears as the first line of the next block. if anyone tries to edit a block, the last line will change and will not match the first line of the next block. the network sees this corrupted block and immediately replaces it. this ingenious trick makes it futile to rewrite history and guarantees an unprecedented degree of security. blockchain was invented by haber and stornetta in 1991 but made famous in the satoshi nakamoto`s bitcoin paper.
Successful, английский
It`s the combos of repeated consonants that can make spelling successful, well, unsuccessful. just know that it has the doubles in the middle (two "s`s" and two "c`s"), but only one consonant at the beginning and one at the end.
|
Ethereum, английский
- Ethereum is an open software platform based on blockchain technology that enables developers to write smart contracts and build and deploy decentralized applications(dapps). the native token of the blockchain is called ether which is used to pay for transaction fees, miner rewards and other services on the network. the main innovation of ethereum is the ethereum virtual machine (evm) which runs on the ethereum network and enables anyone to run any application. the evm makes the process of developing blockchain applications much easier. before the emergence of ethereum developers had to develop a dedicated blockchain for each application they wanted to create. this process is time-consuming and resource-intensive. ethereum will enable the development of many applications on the same platform, making the process much easier and accessible for developers. the ethereum project, based in switzerland, raised millions in seed money by pre-mining and selling ethers to supporters & investors. as opposed to bitcoin, its scripting language is turing-complete and full-featured, expanding the kinds of smart contracts that it can support. the ethereum project wants to “decentralize the web” by introducing four components as part of its roadmap: static content publication, dynamic messages, trustless transactions and an integrated user-interface
- A business friendly cryptotechnology based on the ethereum blockchain. ethereum is both a cryptocurrency and a platform to run smart contracts. further, many crypto tokens use the ethereum blockchain.
Consensus (bitcoin’s process consensus), английский
Developers suggest bitcoin improvements/modifications, small or big, proposals on github, bitcointalk, reddit, mailing lists, etc. discussion on this level is critical to enable smooth runtime consensus transitions.modifications with reference implementations get tested on the testnet. after successful testing deveopers implement the changes into the bitcoin software. who has a say in the consensus process?: (1) software developers (do the reference implementations), (2) miners (runtime consensus for mining blocks), (3) exchanges (they run nodes that validate transactions), (4) wallet companies (create transactions run on nodes), (5) merchants (merchant processing also through nodes)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
