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Ethereum
| Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну |
- Ethereum is an open software platform based on blockchain technology that enables developers to write smart contracts and build and deploy decentralized applications(dapps). the native token of the blockchain is called ether which is used to pay for transaction fees, miner rewards and other services on the network. the main innovation of ethereum is the ethereum virtual machine (evm) which runs on the ethereum network and enables anyone to run any application. the evm makes the process of developing blockchain applications much easier. before the emergence of ethereum developers had to develop a dedicated blockchain for each application they wanted to create. this process is time-consuming and resource-intensive. ethereum will enable the development of many applications on the same platform, making the process much easier and accessible for developers. the ethereum project, based in switzerland, raised millions in seed money by pre-mining and selling ethers to supporters & investors. as opposed to bitcoin, its scripting language is turing-complete and full-featured, expanding the kinds of smart contracts that it can support. the ethereum project wants to “decentralize the web” by introducing four components as part of its roadmap: static content publication, dynamic messages, trustless transactions and an integrated user-interface
- A business friendly cryptotechnology based on the ethereum blockchain. ethereum is both a cryptocurrency and a platform to run smart contracts. further, many crypto tokens use the ethereum blockchain.
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Blockchain, английский
- A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). each block is then ‘chained’ to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. this allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions.
- Shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. it is a cryptographed, secure, tamper resistant distributed database. it solves a complex mathematical problem to exist. a blockchain is a perfect place to store value, identities, agreements, property rights, credentials, etc. once you put something like a bitcoin into it, it will stay there forever. it is decentralized, disintermediated, cheap and censorship resistant. applications of blockchain: bitcoin (cryptocurrency), namecoin (wants to replace the entire dns system of the internet), or sia (a decentralized cloud storage), ethereum (turing complete virtual machine where you can run any smart contract); any centralized service like ebay, dropbox can potentially be built in a decentralized way using blockchain technology, considerably lowering transaction costs
- Think of blockchain as a database or a spreadsheet. but a really special spreadsheet. there`s no centralized master copy. instead, it`s shared on many computers. it`s special because you can only add to it. there`s no editing of history. the database is divided into chronological sub-sheets. these are the blocks. the last line of any block summarizes all of the data in the block, and ч and this is pretty important ч appears as the first line of the next block. if anyone tries to edit a block, the last line will change and will not match the first line of the next block. the network sees this corrupted block and immediately replaces it. this ingenious trick makes it futile to rewrite history and guarantees an unprecedented degree of security. blockchain was invented by haber and stornetta in 1991 but made famous in the satoshi nakamoto`s bitcoin paper.
Technology, английский
- The use of tools and knowledge to meet human needs.
- Техника; технология
- Техника (означает все знания или неотъемлемую часть знаний о: научных принципах или открытиях; промышленных процессах; материальных и энергетических ресурсах; средствах транспорта и связи, постольку, поскольку эти знания непосредственно касаются развития производства товаров или сферы услуг; документы юнеско)
- N технология speech recognition ~ технология распознава- ния речи3
- Национальный институт стандартов и технологии
- Технология
- The body of knowledge about, and the systematic study of, methods, techniques and hardware applied in the adaptation of the physical environment to man`s needs and wants. the application of scientific knowledge to build or improve the infrastructure of agriculture, industry government and daily life. (technology must not be confused with the very infrastructure it generates). technology has autocatalytic properties. it favores the use of technical devices and processes even in solving social problems, e.g., by using fertilizers to enhance agricultural production rather than a different form of work organization, by using computers for national planning rather than decentralized decision making processes.
- The practical application of knowledge to achieve particular tasks that employs both technical artefacts (hardware, equipment) and (social) information (‘software’, know-how for production and use of artefacts). supply push aims at developing specifi c technologies through support for research, development and demonstration. demand pull is the practice of creating market and other incentives to induce the introduction of particular sets of technologies (e.g., low-carbon technologies through carbon pricing) or single technologies (e.g., through technology-specifi c feed-in tariffs).
Decentralized, английский
Децентрализованный
Transaction, английский
- Любое событие в результате которого происходит изменение финансовой позиции организации в ходе её обычной работы. примером транзакции является осуществление покупки с помощью кредитной карты.
- (транзакция) соглашение между покупателем и продавцом, для продажи актива;
- Операция открытия/закрытия позиции.
- Экономическая операция (в снс; элементарный акт хозяйственной деятельности, совершаемый между хозяйственными единицами: производство, капиталовложения, потребление и др.; операции могут быть односторонними и двусторонними, капитальными и текущими, товарными и нетоварными, фактическими и условными, расчетными)
- A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. in a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and entering into contracts are also valid transaction types.
- A data manipulation action processed by a database.
- A physical economic exchange action.
- A social economic exchange action.
- An event or condition that is recorded in asset, liability, expense, revenue, and/or equity accounts. sales to customers or purchases from vendors are examples of transactions.
- The pairing of two or more actions that are performed together as a single action; the action succeeds or fails as a whole.
- The posting or registration of a change on a document or a journal line.
- The delivery of a security by a seller and its acceptance by the buyer.
- Операция
- Language use to achieve ends rather than maintain social relationships.
- Information that entrance transfers to another computer system, either directly (via dll or other interface) or by saving it in a transfer file.
Innovation, английский
- Нововведение
- Нововведение; новшество
- Новшество; нововведение; новаторство о ~s in building technology нововведение [новые достижения] в строительной технологии; ~s in
- The introduction and dissemination of a new idea, production method or product throughout a society and economy and leading to change in both. considered a primary source of economic growth.
- Реструктуризация (задолженности)
Application, английский
- Оределенный метод передачи данных или протокол, обеспечивающий взаимодействие терминалов в сети.
- Приложение. прикладная программа или команда.
- Применение, использование; подача (напряжения); приложение (усилия); введение в действие; отклонение (рулей)
- Заявка (комплект официальных документов, представляемый заявителем в патентное ведомство для получения охранного документа: патента, регистрации товарного знака или промышленного образца) 10
- Заявка (комплект официальных документов, представляемый заявителем в патентное ведомство для получения охранного документа: патента, свидетельства о регистрации товарного знака или промышленного образца)
- The use of a technology to achieve a specific objective.
- Заявление
- 1. the process of putting a medication or bandage on a body part two applications of the lotion should be made each day. 2. the process of asking officially for something, usually in writing if you are applying for the job, you must fill in an application form.
- A word of extensive use, for the principles of adjusting, augmenting, and perfecting the relations between sciences.
- И infrastructure service provision аренда программных продуктов и инфраструктуры (на основе ежемесячных платежей) с доступом к приложениям через интернет или vpn
- Process ofapplyinga powder coat ing to the workpiece by means of coat ing equipment; can be automated or manual
- A collection of web-based lists, libraries, calendars, and other pages you use to share information and manage an area of your business, such as your projects, documents, and company information.
- A commerce server application is a logical representation of an application in microsoft internet information services (iis); it appears in both commerce server manager and the iis console trees. in the iis console tree an application is either at the root directory level of the web site or at a subdirectory level of the web site.
- A document that records the profile of the applicant.
- A set of instructions that a computer or device uses to perform a specific task, such as word processing, accounting, or data management.
- A web application that consists of a group of tightly related components such as asp.net web pages, wcf web services, and workflows that run in a .net application domain. an application is a unit of deployment, configuration, and management.
- The container for your company’s performancepoint planning business model definitions, predefined and user-defined dimensions, the mappings that connect these business model definitions with your company’s data source, and other performancepoint planning metadata like views, permissions, and process scheduling information.
- A runnable program that provides some service.
- Request for patent protection for an invention filed with the epo or other patent office.
- An initial statement of personal and financial information, which is required to approve your loan.
Developing, английский
- A series of chemical and physical actions done in a commercial lab or the home darkroom that converts light-struck film to an image that can be viewed directly or printed; making prints from negatives.
- A stage in dyeing or printing in which leuco compounds, dyes, or dye intermediates are converted to the final, stable state or shade.
Development, английский
- Разработка; доводка
- Разработка; развитие; проявление
- Разработка; отработка; отладка; вариант; модификация
- Вариант; развитие (изобретения)
- 1. the process of growing, or of becoming larger and stronger, or more complex the development of the embryo takes place in the uterus. 2. something which happens and causes a change in a situation report any developments to me at once.
- N развитие cognitive ~ когнитивное развитие
- Министерство жилищного строительства и городского развития (сша)
- Property under construction, including preparation and installation of infrastructure
- Any computer code or materials, other than products, fixes or preexisting work, developed by microsoft or in collaboration with customer, which is provided to customer in the course of performance of a statement of services.
- Разработка (месторождения).
- Event, happening, occurrence
- Event, happening, occurrence something that has happened, or the act of making or improving something
- The evolution of something an individual is working on. personal qualities, mental well-being, or useful skills can all be developed and improved.
Accessible, английский
A place which can be approached by land or sea.
Switzerland, английский
German (official) 63.7%, french (official) 20.4%, italian (official) 6.5%, serbo-croatian 1.5%, albanian 1.3%, portuguese 1.2%, spanish 1.1%, english 1%, other 3.3% (2000 census)
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Dapp (decentralized application), английский
For an application to be considered a dapp or decentralized application it must meet the following criteria (1) application must be completely open-source, it must operate autonomously, and with no entity controlling the majority of its tokens. the application may adapt its protocol in response to proposed improvements and market feedback, but all changes must be decided by consensus of its users. (2) application data and records of operation must be cryptographically stored in a public, decentralized blockchain in order to avoid any central points of failure. (3) the application must use a cryptographic token (bitcoin or a token native to its system) which is necessary for access to the application, and any contribution of value from miners/farmers should be rewarded with the application’s tokens. (4) the application must generate tokens according to a standard cryptographic algorithm acting as a proof of the value nodes are contributing to the application (bitcoin uses the proof of work algorithm)
Double spending, английский
Double-spending is the result of successfully spending some money more than once. bitcoin is the first to implemented a solution in early 2009 which protects against double spending by verifying each transaction added to the blockchain to ensure that the inputs for the transaction had not previously already been spent
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