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Bound variable or symbol
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
A variable or a symbol is bound when a value has been assigned to it. if one has not been assigned, the variable or symbol is unbound. see also: binding.
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Softmax, английский
A type of activation function that is used in neural networks when a group of nodes must meet a common constraint, such as adding up to one. for a group of (output) nodes that must add up to one (e.g., a classification probability) you would add a new output layer that takes the raw output layer (assumed to be positive) and normalizes each of the outputs by the sum of the outputs. this approach can be generalized to other constraints on the output. an example, for three inputs a, b, and c, would give a classification
Virtual attribute, английский
A virtual attribute is one whose values are not observed or counted but are computed from other attributes. they are often computed as proxies for concepts or to simplify analysis. as an example of concept proxies, other models might suggest that a particular function of observable attributes represents the wealth of a person, and the wealth function can be computed for all cases in the database for later analysis by, say, a data mining algorithm looking for purchase patterns. an example of the latter would be the collapse of the discrete attribute containing years of schooling into a nominal variable with a small number of categories. see also: knowledge discovery in databases, machine learning. virtual reality modeling language (vrml) vrml is a language used to store the specifications of a three-dimensional space. the vrml description of a scene would be used by, for example, a world wide web (www) browser to render the scene and to change the image or perform other actions in reaction to a person`s input.
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