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Absolute/ absolue
| Flavors & fragrances glossary |
An absolute is a highly-concentrated fragrance oil similar to an essential oil, but produced via solvent extraction or enfleurage and therefore generally even more concentrated. absolutes are key ingredients in perfumery, and the low-temperature methods used to produce them are often the only effective way to capture the natural fragrant compounds of fragile materials (like jasmine or tuberose, for example) that can`t hold up to steam distillation.
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Concentrated, английский
Fine wines, whether they are light-, medium-, or full-bodied, should have concentrated flavors. concentrated denotes that the wine has a depth and richness of fruit that gives it appeal and interest. deep is a synonym for concentrated.
Extraction, английский
- Extraction is the process of removing essential oils from plant material using solvents, which are then evaporated, leaving just the oil.
- 1. the removal of part of the body, especially a tooth 2. in obstetrics, delivery, usually a breech presentation, which needs medical assistance
- Извлечение
- Выделение (сигнала); извлечение; добывание; экстрагирование
- A process for obtaining natural oils by means of tanks and solvents and is used with certain flowers and plants where the heat of steam distillation might damage or destroy the odorous substances or in such cases where the yield of oils is rather small. in one process, the tank is stationary and the solvent flows over the flowers or other natural matter. the other involves the use of a revolving unit inside of which the flowers move through the solvent. after removal of the solvent, alcohol is agitated through the remaining mixture of waxes and oils and the former is removed by chilling and filtering. the alcohol and oil mixture is then brought to the boiling point, the alcohol filtered off, and the concentrate allowed to remain for recovery. the concrete, as previously defined, is the pure essence in solid form from which an absolute is derived.
- Removal of one substance from another, often accomplished by a solvent.
- Removal of one substance from another, often accomplished by means of a solvent.
- The process of taking out useable ore from waste materials
Enfleurage, английский
- A traditional process for creating a fragrance absolute wherein the material is infused into animal fat, and then extracted from the fat into alcohol. the alcohol is then evaporated down to create an absolute. this highly traditional method is now considered inefficient, and has largely been abandoned in favor of modern processes like solvent or co2 extraction.
- The traditional method of separating the absolute from flowers. the procedure involves placing the petals between layers of fat to which they impart their odor. the layering is repeated again and again with fresh petals until the fat is rich in the flower’s essential oils. the oils are extracted from the fat with alcohol, after which the alcohol is distilled leaving the absolute.
Temperature, английский
- Température
- Dry-bulb - temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer.
- An expression of thermal energy density. how hot or cold an object is.
- The measure of the intensity of heat that a substance possesses.
- Температура
- Температура тмр test methods and procedures методы проведения испытаний и последовательность их проведения тмр theodolite measuring point кинотеодолитная станция
- Temperatura, fiebre
- The condition attained when the wetted wick of a wet-bulb thermometer has reached a stable and constant temperature when exposed to moving air in excess of 900 ft (274.3 m) per minute.
- 1. the heat of the body or of the surrounding air, measured in degrees the doctor asked the nurse what the patient’s temperature was. his temperature was slightly above normal. the thermometer showed a temperature of 99°f. to take a patient’s temperature to insert a thermometer in someone’s body to see what his or her body temperature is they took his temperature every four hours. when her temperature was taken this morning, it was normal. 2. illness when your body is hotter than normal he’s in bed with a temperature. her mother says she’s got a temperature, and can’t come to work. comment: the average body temperature is about 37° celsius or 98° fahrenheit. this temperature may vary during the day, and can rise if a person has taken a hot bath or had a hot drink. if the environmental temperature is high, the body has to sweat to reduce the heat gained from the air around it. if the outside temperature is low, the body shivers, because rapid movement of the muscles generates heat. a fever will cause the body temperature to rise sharply, to 40°c (103°f) or more. hypothermia exists when the body temperature falls below about 35°c (95°f).
- Повышение температуры бетона ~ of truss высота фермы jet ~ высота подъёма горизонтальной неизотермической приточной струи, «всплывающей» над приточным отверстием
- Температура ~ of adiabatic saturation температура адиабатического насыщения
- Normal adult temperature varies among horses, but will usually range in degrees from 99.5°f to 100.5°f.
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of a material. the standard unit of temperature is a kelvin, (k). temperature determines the direction of heat flow between any two systems in thermal contact. heat will always flow from the area of higher temperature (t source) to one of lower temperature (t sink). temperature gradient (?t)
- A measure of the degree of molecular motion of a material compared to a reference point. temperature is measured in degrees farenheit (melting point of ice = 32 º f, boiling point of water = 212 º f) or degrees celsius (melting point of ice = 0 º c, boiling point of water = 100 º c).
- The degree of sensible heat of a body as measured by a thermometer or similar instrument.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c) or degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k), where the increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °f.
- Temperature of surrounding atmosphere. also called dry bulb temperature. compare standard atmospheric conditions. ampere (a): si unit of electric current. ampere per meter (a·m–1): si derived unit of magnetic field intensity. the measurement 1 a·m–1, for example, describes a current of 1 a flowing through a coil that is 1 m in diameter. compare oersted. ampere turn (at): in magnetic particle testing, unit for expressing the magnetomotive force required for magnetization using a coil in terms of the product of the number of coil turns and the current in amperes flowing through the coil. amplitude, echo: in ultrasonic testing, the vertical height of a received signal on an a-scan, measured from base to peak for a video presentation or from peak to peak for a radio frequency presentation.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c), degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k) or degrees rankine (°r). an increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °r = 1.8 °f. compare heat.
Distillation, английский
- Перегонка
- A water purification process in which water is converted to a vapor by boiling it, and then reconverted to purified water by cooling the vapor. disc tumbler lock 316 the process of distillation distribution box
- The action of distilling a liquid
- One of the oldest methods of separating oils from flowers and still widely used. it is a heat-dependent process for separation and purification of a liquid mixture based on differences in vapor pressure of components of the mixture. in each case, the flowers or other sources of oil are changed into a still and heat is applied to separate the oil. one type involves direct contact between the plant material and boiling water. in another type, the heat source is steam that is blown through the flowers. the process involves vaporization of the more volatile component(s) and then condensation of the vapor back to a liquid. the water and oil are collected and as they separate, the oil is removed from the top.
Ingredient, английский
- A substance which is used with others to make something
- Составная часть, компонент, составляющая mix ~s составляющие [компоненты] смеси
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Base notes, английский
- Base notes are the heaviest, longest-lasting notes in a fragrance, that usually assert themselves after the heart notes have evaporated. base notes are often present during the middle phase of a perfume, where they provide depth and stability, but once the heart notes have departed they take on a character of their own, a phase often called the dry down. common base notes include woods, moss, amber, and musk.
- The third and final stage of the perfume’s evaporation process. this is the stage that follows top and heart notes, or the scent that lives on your skin for the entire life span of the perfume.
Enfleurage, английский
- A traditional process for creating a fragrance absolute wherein the material is infused into animal fat, and then extracted from the fat into alcohol. the alcohol is then evaporated down to create an absolute. this highly traditional method is now considered inefficient, and has largely been abandoned in favor of modern processes like solvent or co2 extraction.
- The traditional method of separating the absolute from flowers. the procedure involves placing the petals between layers of fat to which they impart their odor. the layering is repeated again and again with fresh petals until the fat is rich in the flower’s essential oils. the oils are extracted from the fat with alcohol, after which the alcohol is distilled leaving the absolute.
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