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Production tax credit
| Глоссарий по экологии и "зеленой" энергетике |
Generally provides a per kilowatt-hour tax credit for electricity generated by qualifying energy resources. the mechanism tends to be used exclusively in the us to stimulate renewable energy exploitation. usually available for a fixed period, tax credits provide a fixed credit per kwh adjusted annually for inflation. the use of credits can penalise smaller generators if they do not pay sufficient tax to use the credits against other investment. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 8
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Electricity, английский
- Электричество
- Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The movement of electrons (a subatomic particle), produced by a voltage, through a conductor.
- Energy resulting from the flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The fl ow of passing charge through a conductor, driven by a difference in voltage between the ends of the conductor. electrical power is generated by work from heat in a gas or steam turbine or from wind, oceans or falling water, or produced directly from sunlight using a photovoltaic device or chemically in a fuel cell. being a current, electricity cannot be stored and requires wires and cables for its transmission (see grid). because electric current fl ows immediately, the demand for electricity must be matched by production in real time.
Qualifying, английский
- A квалификативный article, function
- Квалификационный
Exploitation, французский
Sufficient, английский
Достаточный
Investment, английский
- Инвестиции; капитальные вложения, см. capital investment
- Инвестиция
- The first process of a siege, in taking measures to seize all the avenues, blocking up the garrison, and preventing relief getting into the place before the arrival of the main army with the siege-train.
- Финансирование; капиталовложение; вклад; инвестиция
- The purchase of stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares, real property, an annuity, collectibles, or other assets, with the expectation of obtaining income or capital gains-or both-in the future.
- A discrete asset or group of assets held for future income, appreciation, or both and tracked separately.
- The creation of more money through the use of capital.
- An item of value purchased for income or capital appreciation. capital investments include equipment, pipes and other fixed assets. financial investments include stocks, bonds, and other securities.
Sustainable, английский
Самоокупаемый
Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
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Least cost planning (lcp), английский
Calculation of the comparative costs and benefits of investment in developing capital assets; be it in generation, supply or transmission against the investment in measures to reduce demand. consideration can include non-market costs and benefits. the aim is to identify the cheapest form of investment. the process tends to stem from an assessment of the peak kw demand rather than the total kwh supplied, though this can be used. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 6
District energy or heating, английский
Heating provided from a central boiler or a number of heat stations or boilers to serve a network of pipes that supply heat to a number of buildings. such schemes may be fuelled by a range of sources, both fossil and renewable and some schemes are multi-fuelled, (e.g. with gas and biomass heat stations). the buildings served may be a mix of housing, public and commercial buildings. the heat stations may also generate electricity - co-generation (chp) and may supply cooling services as well.
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