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Energy services
| Глоссарий по экологии и "зеленой" энергетике |
- The provision of energy supply and measures concerned with end-use in a single package. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 5
- Energy services are the tasks to be performed using energy. a specifi c energy service such as lighting may be supplied by a number of different means from daylighting to oil lamps to incandescent, fl uorescent or light-emitting diode devices. the amount of energy used to provide a service may vary over a factor of or more, and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions may vary from zero to a very high value depending on the source of energy and the type of end-use device.
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Energy, английский
- The product of power (watts) and duration (seconds). one watt-second = one joule.
- The capacity to do work; the amount of work that a system is capable of doing.
- The force or strength to carry out activities you need to eat certain types of food to give you energy.
- Энергия
- Энергия; запас энергии
- Энергия о ~ per unit of volume удельная энергия (на единицу объёма)
- The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted to other forms, but the total amount of energy remains the same.
- The power to perform chemical, mechanical, electrical or heat related tasks (see food chain). e. flow in ecosystems: the higher the trophic level, the less energy is available to the predator. e. pyramid: energy relationship among various feeding levels involved in a particular food chain; autotrophs (at the base) represent the greatest amount of available energy; herbivores are next; then primary carnivores; secondary carnivores; and so forth; similar pyramids of mass, size, and number also occur in natural communities (see biomass).
- Power consumed multiplied by the duration of use. for example, 500 watts used for four hours is 2000 watt-hours. also commonly expressed as kilowatt-hours, where one kilowatt-hour is 1000 watt-hours.
- The equivalent of, or the capacity to perform, mechanical work, the difference between two states of thermodynamic entropy before and after work has been performed. energy is measured either as the product of force and distance (e.g., in lifting a weight a certain height) or as the product of power and time (e.g., in getting an object to move with a certain speed). energy may be stored in a material structure as in a water resevoire or a barrel of oil or in a kinetic form as in the momentum of a wheel or of a bullet in motion. electrical energy is measured in kilowatt/hours (kw/h), heat energy in calories or in british thermal units (btu), mechanical energy in horsepowers, light in joules, explosives in tons of tnt, etc. different forms of energy are inter-convertable due to the first law of thermodynamics which makes energy the most important construct of physics. all physical processes including computation and communication are known to require energy (->thermodynamics).
- The ability (capacity) to do work. energy is measured in joules (j), calories or british thermal units (btu).
- The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted into other
- The amount of work or heat delivered. energy is classifi ed in a variety of types and becomes available to human ends when it fl ows from one place to another or is converted from one type into another. daily, the sun supplies large fl ows of radiation energy. part of that energy is used directly, while part undergoes several conversions creating water evaporation, winds, etc. some share is stored in biomass or rivers that can be harvested. some share is directly usable such as daylight, ventilation or ambient heat. primary energy (also referred to as energy sources) is the energy embodied in natural resources (e.g., coal, crude oil, natural gas, uranium, and renewable sources). it is defi ned in several alternative ways. the international energy agency utilizes the physical energy content method, which defi nes primary energy as energy that has not undergone any anthropogenic conversion. the method used in this report is the direct equivalent method (see annex ii), which counts one unit of secondary energy provided from non-combustible sources as one unit of primary energy, but treats combustion energy as the energy potential contained in fuels prior to treatment or combustion. primary energy is transformed into secondary energy by cleaning (natural gas), refi ning (crude oil to oil products) or by conversion into electricity or heat. when the secondary energy is delivered at the end-use facilities it is called fi nal energy (e.g., electricity at the wall outlet), where it becomes usable energy in supplying services (e.g., light). embodied energy is the energy used to produce a material substance (such as processed metals or building materials), taking into account energy used at the manufacturing facility (zero order), energy used in producing the materials that are used in the manufacturing facility (fi rst order), and so on. renewable energy (re) is any form of energy from solar, geophysical or biological sources that is replenished by natural processes at a rate that equals or exceeds its rate of use. renewable energy is obtained from the continuing or repetitive fl ows of energy occurring in the natural environment and includes low-carbon technologies such as solar energy, hydropower, wind, tide and waves and ocean thermal energy, as well as renewable fuels such as biomass. for a more detailed description see specifi c renewable energy types in this glossary, for example, biomass, solar, hydropower, ocean, geothermal and wind.
Energy (grade) -, английский
Напорная линия, линия энергии
Energy (q), английский
The capacity for doing work. energy is commonly used to express the output from pulsed lasers and it is generally measured in joules (j). the product of power (watts) and duration (seconds). one watt-second = one joule.
Energy -, английский
Потребность в энергии; энергоёмкость технологического процесса
Energy absorber, английский
Device for absorbing energy. the term is mainly used for a device that absorbs the energy of impact, as for example an energy absorbing steering column.
Energy absorbing steering column, английский
A steering column designed to progressively collapse on impact of the driver
Energy absorption, английский
- Работа разрушения (образца шарпи с v-образным надрезом)
- The energy required to break or elongate a fiber to a certain point. energy-to-break: the total energy required to rupture a yarn or cord.
Energy access, английский
People are provided the ability to benefi t from affordable, clean and reliable energy services for basic human needs (cooking and heating, lighting, communication, mobility) and productive uses.
Energy audit, английский
- A survey that shows how much energy used in a home, which helps find ways to use less energy.
- Систематический контроль за расходованием энергии
- A survey that shows how much energy used in a home and helps identify
Energy balance, английский
- Энергетический [топливно-энергетический] баланс, энергобаланс, тэб. структура производства или потребления энергии, представленная в долях, приходящихся на каждый производимый или потребляемый энергоноситель
- Топливно-энергетический баланс см. также energy budget
Energy band, английский
Energy beam, английский
Energy budget, английский
Energy carrier, английский
- Энергоноситель (преобразованный вид энергии, напр., электроэнергия, нефтепродукты)
- A substance for delivering mechanical work or transfer of heat. examples of energy carriers include: solid, liquid or gaseous fuels (e.g., biomass, coal, oil, natural gas, hydrogen); pressurized/heated/ cooled fl uids (air, water, steam); and electric current.
Energy cascading, английский
Утилизация энергии (путем утилизации отходов тепла и др. видов энергии одной энергоустановки в следующей энергоустановке)
Energy charge, английский
The portion of a utility bill that reflects electric energy consumed or billed.
Energy charter treaty (ect), английский
Договор к энергетической хартии (дэх) подписан в 1994 г
Energy chips, английский
Whole-tree chips used for energy (4).
Energy conservation, английский
- Using less energy, either by greater energy efficiency or by decreasing the types of applications requiring electricity or natural gas to operate.
- Using less energy (kwh) irrespective of whether the benefits increase, decrease or stay the same. energy conservation is thus the goal if environmental targets are to be met.
- Activities associated with reductions in energy consumption, including investments in energy efficient appliances and equipment.
- Энергосбережение
Energy consumption, английский
Потребление энергии. суммарное потребление всех видов энергии; обычно выражается в тоннах условного топлива, нефтяного или угольного эквивалента, джоулях
Energy consumption by function served, английский
Энергопотребление по направлениям использования (напр., для производства тепла низкого потенциала, на нужды транспорта и т.п.)
Sustainable, английский
Самоокупаемый
Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
Daylighting, английский
- Lighting of the interior of a building by natural means; for example, by windows or skylights. daylight lamp 1. any type of lamp which produces light whose spectral distribution approximates that of a specified daylight condition. 2.
- Освещение естественным светом о ~ in buildings естественное освещение в зданиях
Incandescent, английский
Corresponding, английский
Соответствующий
Greenhouse, английский
Оранжерея, теплица
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Allochoton, английский
Organic matter entering a stream, lake or ocean but derived from an adjacent terrestrial system; e.g. falling leaves from a tree located at the banks of the river.
Cohort lt, английский
A life table constructed by monitoring a group of individuals all born during the same short period, from time of birth through to death of the last surviving individual.
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