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Ultrastability
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
The ability of a system to change its internal organization or structure in response to environmental conditions that threaten to disturb a desired behavior or value of an essential variable. the changes such systems are capable of are qualitative in the sense of changing the mode of interaction with an environment in steps or jumps, not along a continuum, and they are purposeful because such systems seek a behavior that is disturbance defying. ultrastability is stability of a logical level higher than the stability to which a system converges without change of its internal organization or structure. ashby`s homeostat was the first mechanical demonstration of this form of stability heretofore reserved to living organisms (->morphogenesis).
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Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Environmental, английский
Окружающий, внешний (о среде, воздействии); связанный с окружающими условиями [средой]
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
Qualitative, английский
Качественный; выраженный в качественной форме
Interaction, английский
- An effect which two or more substances such as drugs have on each other
- Взаимодействие
- N взаимодействие; talk-in-~ речь-во-взаимодействии level intercepted a прерванный intercultural a межкультурный (син. crosscultural) communication, relation
- Взаимодействие inter-agency coordinating committee (icc)
- Взаимодействие. см. drug interaction.
- Взаимодействие; взаимосвязь; интеракция; обмен информацией
- A pattern or sequence of message exchanges that accomplishes a purpose, such as performing an operation. objects in a collaboration interact by exchanging messages. messages can be signals or calls and can include conditions and time events.
- The direct manipulation (e.g. a gesture and inertia) of an element.
- Language use to maintain social relationships rather than achieve ends.
Environment, английский
- Surrounding in which operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interaction.
- Окружающая среда. совокупность всех материальных тел, сил и явлений природы, ее вещество и пространство, любая деятельность человека, находящегося в непосредственном контакте с живыми организмами; совокупность абиотической, биотической и социальной сред,
- Окружающие условия [среда]; внешние факторы или воздействия; условия эксплуатации ` (лл)
- The conditions and influences under which an organism lives
- N 1 лнгв. окружение; 2 псхл. окружающая обстановка5 consonantal ~ консонантное окружение epanalepsis n эпаналепсис, удвоение6 epenthesis n 1 эпентеза, вставка звуков1; 2 добавление гласного звука для того, чтобы 3 английский как язык международного общения. 4 несовпадение стиховых и фразовых границ. 5 внешний контекст, в котором происходит наше поведение. 6 фигура речи, состоящая в повторе слова, словосочетания или пред- ложения. epenthetic 41 evaluation разбить труднопроизносимую группу (кла- стер) согласных
- Окружающая среда
- Окружающая среда; при- родно-ландшафтная среда
- The place in which an organism lives, and the circumstances under which it lives. environment includes measures like moisture and temperature, as much as it refers to the actual physical place where an organism is found.
- The combination of all the external conditions and the potential effect of the inner environment (heteromosaic of abiotic conditions). e. change: survival depends on the life span of the organisms involved, and has to adapt to a new situation via genetic change, evolution, etc. • cyclic change: rhythmically repetitive, like cycles of a season, day / night, movement of tides etc. • directional change: change is maintained over a long period in relation to the life span of organisms - erosion, siltation, cycles of glaciation, etc. • erratic change: these have no rhythm and no consistent direction e.g., hurricanes, cyclones, flash storms, fires, vulcanos, earthquake, etc.
- Окружающая среда. существующая в данный момент совокупность всех внешних условий и воздействий, которым подвержена данная система (или организм) (мос, 14). `36
- (1) the system of surrounding things, conditions or influences, especially affecting the existence or development of someone, something or another system (->habitat), (2) the art of environing, (3) the state of being environed.
- A global context in which to access data.
- A set of roles that are required to run a specific application and the machines to be used for each role.
- One of two deployment destinations within a microsoft azure cloud service: staging or production.
- The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances affecting growth or development. often the term is applied to the natural features of a geographic area: water, air, and land — including ecological relationships.
- The sum of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that surround an organism.
Disturbance, английский
- Возмущение
- See spanish disturbance.
- Возмущение; нарушение; неисправность, повреждение ~ of equilibrium нарушение равновесия edge ~ краевой эффект
- In community ecology, an event that removes organisms and opens up space which can be colonized by individuals of the same or different species.
Mechanical, английский
Demonstration, английский
- Показ, демонстрация (изделия)
- Показ, демонстрация
- A feint or deceptive military operation.
Morphogenesis, английский
A process of creating new organizational forms. in response to changing environmental conditions morphogenesis may be adaptive (->adaptation). as a consequence of positive feedback among physical variables, morphognesis may be destructive like the crack in a rock that lets water in, then roots, and ultimately breaks the rock into pieces. morphogenesis may be radical by the realization of inventions of entirely new ideas about institutions or technologies, or it may be gradual by elaborating (refining and adding on to) existing structures (->growth, ->development, ->organization, ->morphostasis).
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Transduction, английский
- A process embodied in an input-output device for converting or coding without memory one type of signal, motion, wave or sequence of characters into another. e.g., a loudspeaker produces sound waves from electrical oscillations, the human eye converts patterns of light into nerve impulses. such devices are called transducers and are describable by a transformation or function. transformation
- Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria in which genes are transferred through viral infection
Uncertainty principle, английский
A principle in quantum physics, formulated by heisenberg
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