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Mentalism
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
The belief that mental processes are autonomous (->autonomy), can explain but not be explained by an organism`s behavior. mentalism is opposed to behaviorism. n.chomsky is its most recent advocate. ~
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Autonomous, английский
- A system with functions capable of operating without direct human control. biological sensors (biosensors): devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure, or a microorganism.
- Controlled by computer programs and not people.
Behaviorism, английский
- Бихевиоризм
- N амер., псхл. бихе- виоризм
- A movement particularly in american psychology, which calls for an explanation of the behavior of organisms in terms of relations between inputs and outputs, in psychological terms, between stimuli and responses, in sociological terms, between independent and dependent variables. behaviorists minimize the importance of mental or creative processes and believe that a system`s output is uniquely determined by past and present inputs. the inclusion of an organism`s internal state, predispositions, memory or mediating variables in behaviorist explanations does not modify this basic contention. behaviorist explanations exclude cognitive constructions, circularities such as self-reference and the generative processes of mental activity (->intelligence). behaviorism is also manifest in numerous analytical techniques, e.g., in efforts to explain one variable in terms of other variables by means of regression equations.
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Law of larqe numbers, английский
A fundamental law in probability theory and statistics stating that if an event of probability p is observed repeatedly during independent repetitions the proportion of the observed frequency of that event to the number of repetitions converges (-)convergence) towards p as the number of repetitions become large. the law also provides the basis for evaluating the power of statistical tests including the significance of qantities of information. 1ah ~ required model-regulator identity
Morphogenesis, английский
A process of creating new organizational forms. in response to changing environmental conditions morphogenesis may be adaptive (->adaptation). as a consequence of positive feedback among physical variables, morphognesis may be destructive like the crack in a rock that lets water in, then roots, and ultimately breaks the rock into pieces. morphogenesis may be radical by the realization of inventions of entirely new ideas about institutions or technologies, or it may be gradual by elaborating (refining and adding on to) existing structures (->growth, ->development, ->organization, ->morphostasis).
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