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Internalization
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A learning process whereby the components or subsystems of a systems acquire a metasystem that represents the requirements, controls, goals, values and purposes of that system and thereby relieves that system of some of its original regulatory (->regulation) and control burdens. e.g., the acquisition of values, norms and a conscience provides individuals with criteria for decision making within a s`ocial system whose use is more efficient than if such determinations would have to be made repeatedly and in large numbers by legal or governmental procedures of the larger system. through internalization a social system decentralizes regulation and control by, i providing its members with sui~able constructs of their environment including themselves.
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Components, английский
Комплектующие
Metasystem, английский
- Метасистема
- A system of a logical type higher (->theory of logical types) than a given system. a metasystem can consider criteria or decide on propositions the system of lower ordinality may not be able to reflect or decide upon. so, a thermostat for the regulation of the room temperature is embedded in a metasystem involving humans being able to set a preferred temperature. the explanation of why chess players obey the rules of chess is not contained in the rules of chess, and requires the construction of a metasystem involving human motivations, social controls and incentives.
Requirements, английский
Нормативы
Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
Acquisition, английский
- When a firm buys another firm.
- N усвоение; вос- приятие device, grammar, model, process, tongue language ~ усвоение языка; овладение языком critical age of ~ ~ критический период ус- воения языка6 first language ~ овладение родным языком (син. mother tongue ~) second language ~ овладение иностранным языком mother tongue ~ усвоение родного языка (син. first language ~) phonological ~ усвоение фонологии
- Дистанционное управление и сбор данных
- Purchase of an interest in an asset in exchange for consideration paid.
- Приобретение
- A concept contrasted with learning which refers to the unconscious `picking up` of a language with little if any focus on formal instruction or learning.
- An acquired company
- An acquired company a process in which one organization buys another organization
Conscience, английский
Conciencia
Repeatedly, английский
Procedures, английский
Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks.
Environment, английский
- Surrounding in which operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interaction.
- Окружающая среда. совокупность всех материальных тел, сил и явлений природы, ее вещество и пространство, любая деятельность человека, находящегося в непосредственном контакте с живыми организмами; совокупность абиотической, биотической и социальной сред,
- Окружающие условия [среда]; внешние факторы или воздействия; условия эксплуатации ` (лл)
- The conditions and influences under which an organism lives
- N 1 лнгв. окружение; 2 псхл. окружающая обстановка5 consonantal ~ консонантное окружение epanalepsis n эпаналепсис, удвоение6 epenthesis n 1 эпентеза, вставка звуков1; 2 добавление гласного звука для того, чтобы 3 английский как язык международного общения. 4 несовпадение стиховых и фразовых границ. 5 внешний контекст, в котором происходит наше поведение. 6 фигура речи, состоящая в повторе слова, словосочетания или пред- ложения. epenthetic 41 evaluation разбить труднопроизносимую группу (кла- стер) согласных
- Окружающая среда
- Окружающая среда; при- родно-ландшафтная среда
- The place in which an organism lives, and the circumstances under which it lives. environment includes measures like moisture and temperature, as much as it refers to the actual physical place where an organism is found.
- The combination of all the external conditions and the potential effect of the inner environment (heteromosaic of abiotic conditions). e. change: survival depends on the life span of the organisms involved, and has to adapt to a new situation via genetic change, evolution, etc. • cyclic change: rhythmically repetitive, like cycles of a season, day / night, movement of tides etc. • directional change: change is maintained over a long period in relation to the life span of organisms - erosion, siltation, cycles of glaciation, etc. • erratic change: these have no rhythm and no consistent direction e.g., hurricanes, cyclones, flash storms, fires, vulcanos, earthquake, etc.
- Окружающая среда. существующая в данный момент совокупность всех внешних условий и воздействий, которым подвержена данная система (или организм) (мос, 14). `36
- (1) the system of surrounding things, conditions or influences, especially affecting the existence or development of someone, something or another system (->habitat), (2) the art of environing, (3) the state of being environed.
- A global context in which to access data.
- A set of roles that are required to run a specific application and the machines to be used for each role.
- One of two deployment destinations within a microsoft azure cloud service: staging or production.
- The totality of surrounding conditions and circumstances affecting growth or development. often the term is applied to the natural features of a geographic area: water, air, and land — including ecological relationships.
- The sum of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that surround an organism.
Themselves, английский
Requirement, английский
- Требование
- Something which is necessary one of the requirements of the position is a qualification in pharmacy. res abbr reticuloendothelial system
- Требование; спрос; потребность; условие ~ of continuity требование (обеспече- 469 requirement ния) неразрывности [неразрезность сплошности] ~s of structural safety требования техники безопасности в строительстве
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Intelligence amplification, английский
A process by which the power of appropriate selection is increased beyond the intelligence of the system which controls that process. e.g., if the programmer of a chess playing computer explicitly specifies all "good" moves, the computer can be no better than its designer. but if this computer is programmed to compute more alternatives, recalls successes and failures with increasing perfection and makes better and faster decisions than its programmer could make, then it exceeds or will soon exceed that programmer`s manifest ability to make informed decisions. according to ashby an intelligence amplifier typically involves (a) two separate systems, one that generates (->generative) descriptions of alternative courses of action and another that selects among them those appropriate, to a degree better than chance, using an externally specified criterion, (b) a circular flow of information between the two which (c) stops when the criterion is satisfied. the intelligence thereby amplified enters a system through the exogenous choices of a criterion and through the construction of the machine. the designer may not and does not need to know the full range of alternatives among which an intelligence amplifier makes appropriate choices. interface
Intersubjectively verifiable, английский
The quality of a description that `ii indicates its reproducability (->reliability) under varying conditions and agreement among independent observers concerning the meaning of that description, both established by scientific methods. intersubjective verifiability is a weaker but more easily achievable form of objectivity (->objective).
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