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Hoosphere
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A term modelled after "atmosphere" and "biosphere" signifying (a) the space occupied by the totality of information and human knowledge collectively available to man and (b) the processes operating in this space, e.g., combinatorial mating, classification, reproduction, simplification, selective decay.
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Atmosphere, английский
- The envelope of gases that surround a planet`s surface held by the planet`s gravity. over the earth, the atmosphere is divided into several layers based on their properties. the most common layer designations are
- Атмосфера
- The ambient air, or thin elastic fluid which surrounds the globe, and gradually diminishing in gravity rises to an unknown height, yet by gravitation partakes of all its motions.
- [1] the envelope of air surrounding the globe. [2] a unit of pressure equal to 76 centimeters (29.9 inches) of mercury, or 1033.2 grams/sq. centimeter (2116.3 pounds/sq. foot). (cf. hydrosphere, lithosphere.)
- Атмосфера; воздух
- Атмосфера. газовая оболочка, окружающая землю (вмо). см. также air— атмосферный воздух.
Information, английский
- Knowledge of a particular event or situation, or knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact.
- Информация
- Facts about something have you any information about the treatment of sunburn? the police won’t give us any information about how the accident happened. you haven’t given me enough information about when your symptoms started. that’s a very useful piece or bit of information. (note: no plural: some information; a piece of information.)
- N информация | attr. информационный flow, structure source of ~ источник информации 1 ранее использовался в более широком значении как ‘умозаключе- ние’. 2 получение выводных данных в процессе обработки информации и/или языка и само выводное знание, умозаключение; мыслительная операция, в ходе которой человек выходит за пределы данных в тек- сте сведений и получает новую информацию. 3 аффикс, вставляемый внутрь корня слова при словообразовании или словоизменении.
- In admiralty courts, implies a clause introduced into a citation, intimating that in the event of a party cited not appearing, the court will proceed in his absence.
- Информация; данные; сведения
- Координационный комитет ин4юрмации о проектируемых и возводимых объектах строительства
- Literally that which forms within, but more adequately
- Data that has been recorded, classified, organized, related or interpreted so that meaning is apparent.
- Contextualised data providing answer to a certain question decreasing uncertainty.
- Информация, сведения
Combinatorial, английский
A комбинатор- ный (тж. combinatory); semantic-~ семантико- комбинаторный combinatory a комбинаторный (тж . combinatorial) semantics combining a сочетаемый form comitative a совместный case
Classification, английский
- Assigning data (i e , cases or observations) cases to one of a fixed number of possible classes (represented by a nominal output variable)
- Классификация; систематизация; засекречивание
- Классификация (упорядоченная группировка явлений и объектов; может утверждаться в качестве стандарта, в том числе национального или международного), см. nomenclature
- The work of putting references or components into order so as to be able to refer to them again and identify them easily the abo classification of blood
- Классификация
- N классификация language typological ~ типологическая классификация classificatory a классификационный matrix classifying a классифицирующий article
- The placement of an item under the correct number in the customs tariff for duty purposes. at times this procedure becomes highly complicated; it is not uncommon for importers to resort to litigation over the correct duty to be assessed by the customs on a given item
- Классификация; категоризация; сортировка
- The process of assigning a set of records from a database (observations in a dataset) into (usually) one of ``small" number of pre-specified disjoint categories. related techniques include regression, which predicts a range of values and clustering, which (typically) allows the categories to form themselves. the classification can be "fuzzy" in several senses of the word. in usual sense, the classification technique can allow a single record to belong to multiple (disjoint) categories with a probability (estimated) of being in each class. the categories can also overlap when they are developed either through a hierarchical model or through an agglomerative technique. finally, the classification can be fuzzy in the sense of using "fuzzy logic" techniques. see also: clustering, fuzzy logic, regression. classification and regression trees (cart) classification and regression trees (cart) is a particular form of decision tree used in data mining and statistics.
- Классификация. для порошков (пыли)—разделение образца на фракции по размеру, форме и плотности частиц с помощью жидкости; основано, например, на различной скорости оседания фракций в жидкости или на разном поведении частиц в потоке жидкости.
- A systematic organization of classes.
- The placement of an incident into a hierarchy of descriptors that indicate what the incident is generally about. for example, an incident could be classified as being related to software, and then to microsoft, and then to word 2003.
- The type of updates that sce downloads from microsoft update during synchronization.
- An offender is classified for a particular security level and housed in an appropriate facility based on assessment of their crime, security risk and prison behavior.
- A code which provides a method for categorizing the invention.
- The code for a specific type of complementary work or variation.
- Классификация, номенклатура
Reproduction, английский
- Reproducción
- The process of making new living beings by existing ones, e.g. producing children or derived other descendants
- ->copying, ->self-reproduction
- Reproduction means the making of a copy (copies) of a work or an object of related rights in any means and in any material form, including permanent or temporary storage of a work or an object of related rights, in whole or in part, in an electronic or other form.
- A replica of an original piece.
Simplification, английский
- Упрощение
- N упрощение cluster simulfix n симульфикс4 3 теория, основанная на рассмотрении любых языков как знаковых систем; изучает речевой акт как психическое действие, а язык как дей- ствие. 4 замена одной или более фонем в корне или основе слова: man – men. simulfixation 82 sound simulfixation n симульфиксация1 (см. тж. simulfix)
- A form of standardization that reduces the number of types, sizes, capacities, or shapes of products, materials, and packages within a definite range to a number which ,is adequate to meet prevailing needs. (eipsc)
Collective, английский
A собирательный | n кол- лектив noun
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Homomorhism, английский
A many-to-one mapping in effect representing (->representation) a pattern in the domain of the mapping by a simpler pattern in its range. the product of applying a homomorphism is called a homomorph. homomorphisms are important in establishing whether one system is a model of another and which properties of the original system the model retains. for each system one can construct a lattice of homomorphic simplifications. the inverse of a homomorphism is not a mapping. 37
Hqmeostat, английский
A machine built in the 1940`s by w.ross ashby to demonstrate the behavior of an ultrastable system (->ultrastability). it responds to deviations from certain essential values of a continuous variable caused by an experimenter in the environment of the machine with stepwise structural changes, and it comes to rest only when a behavior has been found that keeps the values of that critical variable within desirable limits (->morphogenesis). the essential values maybe interpreted as a homeostatic state, goal or ideal and the structural changes are adaptive relative to these values (->homeostasis, ->adaptation).
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