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Bureaucracy
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
Ideal type of a formal organization in society, characterized by a hierarchical legitimation of authority with powers and responsibility assigned to the offices rather then to the salaried employees occupying positions in this hierarchy. a rational differentiation of goal-oriented activities and behaviors assigning functions to each office or position, and a codification of legal rules of conduct, of written communications, records, documents and contracts regulating and maintaining the organization as a whole (weber).
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Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Hierarchical, английский
- A иерархический structure
- Иерархический
Legitimation, шведский
Responsibility, английский
- Ответственность. обязанность. обязательство.платежеспособность.
- 1. somebody or something which a person or organisation has a duty to take care of checking the drip is your responsibility. 2. the blame for something bad which has happened she has taken full responsibility for the mix-up. 3. the position of having to explain to somebody why something was done whose responsibility is it to talk to the family?
- Often a wholesome restraint; but the bugbear of an inefficient officer.
- Accountability of an individual for decisions and behavior under his control by virtue of his public role, office, charge or duty and to the public which endowed him with that role, office, charge or duty. responsibility is constitutionally embedded within an autonomous (->autonomy) system, e.g., in the public. rewrite bllles
- An obligation of a party to perform an assigned job and to be held accountable for the outcome of the results.
- The duty to behave with integrity.
- Duty
- Duty a task that is part of an employee’s job description
- The personal choice to take ownership and to commit to take action. it cannot be imposed; it must come from inside. coaching is about building awareness and responsibility in order to grow people and performance. increased responsibility leads to enhanced potential, confidence and self-motivation. it is the basis from which uniqueness, self-belief and ownership can emerge see also emotional intelligence
Differentiation, английский
- The development of specialised cells during the early embryo stage
- N дифферен- циация
- Varying tasks and procedures to allow for different level of skill and knowledge in the individuals in a group.
Activities, английский
Виды деятельности (в снс; отрасли производства товаров, реализуемых на рынке, и услуг, оказываемых в товарной форме; государственные учреждения — производители услуг; частные некоммерческие организации — производители услуг; услуги, оказываемые одними домашними хозяйствами другим, например, наем прислуги); сферы деятельности (в см.п)
Codification, английский
N кодификация
Communications, английский
- Средства связи; связь 158
- Средства связи; связь
- [1] general: the transfer of information according to agreed conventions. [2] information technology; the representation, transfer, interpretation, and processing of data between and
- Связь; система связи; коммуникации; пути сообщения
Regulating, английский
Выравнивание слоя дорожной одежды
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Bqbm, английский
Either (1) the most usual behavior within a community, the modal behavior (->mode), or (2) the ideal behavior members of a community value, or hold in high esteem. the related adjective for (1) is normal as in the normal distribution and for (2) it is normative and implies a value j~dgement. the two meanings do not imply each other. objective (adjective)
Catastrophy theory, английский
A topological theory describing the change of a system`s structure along a continuous "morphogenetic landscape" including occasional jumps. a critical aspect of the theory is that it considers the dynamic of the system as imposed from the outside (->morphogenesis).
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