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Aesthetical imperative
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
If you desire to see, learn how to act (v.foerster). the imperative is derived from assumptions of constructivism and emphasizes that cognition is an essentially circular process involving an observer and the observed (->second-order cybernetics, ->social system).
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Imperative, английский
- N 1 повелительное на- клонение (тж. ~ mood); 2 императив mood
- Императивный
Imperative facility, английский
Императивные средства imperative go-to statement оператор безусловного перехода
Imperative form, английский
The form a verb takes to indicate a command. in the imperative
Imperative hallucinations, английский
Imperative instruction, английский
Императивная команда
Imperative knowledge, английский
Императивные знания; знания о действиях
Imperative language, английский
Императивный язык; процедурный язык
Imperative mount, английский
Принудительный монтаж
Imperative operator, английский
Imperative security check, английский
A security check that occurs when a security method is called within the code that is being protected. this type of check can be data-driven and can be isolated to a single location within an object or method. for example, if the name of a file to be protected is known only at run time, an imperative security check can be invoked by passing the file name as a parameter to a security method.
Imperative statement, английский
Исполняемый оператор; императивный оператор
Constructivism, английский
- In mathematics, the rejection of the proof of propositions and objects by reductio ~ absurdum (i.e., by the demonstration that its negation would lead to contradictions) and instead the acceptance of the condition that objects be constructable from known elements by a finite number of explicit procedures, e.g., by an algorithm. one consequence of this is the denial of the universal validity of the law of the excluded middle and the position of a third truth-value for classes of objects that are not so constructable
- Act always so as tq increase the number of choices (v.foerster). 29
Essentially, английский
- По существу; главным образом см. substantially
- No существу; главным образом
Cybernetics, английский
- Кибернетика
- N кибернетика cycle n цикл transformational ~ трансформационный цикл cyclop(a)edia
- A term, coined by norman weiner, used to signify the study of control mechanisms in machines and biological organisms. it is derived from the greek word for steersman. its latin equivalent gave rise to such terms as governor and government.
- The term derives from the greek word for steersman. initially, the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine (wiener). before this modern definition, the science of government (ampere). now an interdisciplinary approach to organization, irrespective of a system`s material realization. whereas general systems theory is committed to holism on the one side and to an effort to generalize structural, behavioral and developmental features of living organisms on the other side, cybernetics is committed to an epistemological perspective that views material wholes as analysable without loss, in terms of a set of components plus their organization (->epistemolgy, ->analysis, ->system). organization accounts for how the components of such a system interact with one another, and how this interaction determines and changes its structure. it explains the difference between parts and wholes and is described without reference to their material forms. the disinterest of cybernetics in material implications separates it from all sciences that designate their empirical domain by subject matters such ~s physics, biology, sociology, engineering and general systems theory. its epistemological focus on organization, pattern and communication has generated methodologies, (->methodology) a logic, laws, theories and insights that are unique to cybernetics and have wideranging implications in other fields of inquiry. in cybernetics, theories tend to rest on four basic pillars
Cybernetic, английский
Кибернетический
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Algedonic regulation, английский
Literally, regulation by pain and pleasure, 2 more generally, by rewards and punishments for the products rather than the behavior leading to it. e.g., people may be trained to perform a task by explaining to them the role their task plays within the larger system (->metasystem) of which they are a part. but they may also be trained algedonically by a series of rewards and punishments that offer no such explanations. the algedonic regulator must have an image of the expected system of behavior but it restricts fluctuations not in the behavior of its parts but in their outputs. in business and industry, algedonic regulation tends to lead to alienation from work. elaborate grading schemes in universities tend to divert attention from the aquisition of useful knowledge and skills to achieving high grade averages which may have little to do with academic or practical competencies. a technical example is the use of three different computers to improve the reliability of computing risky military security decisions. if one computer yields a different result the other two are considered correct but if all three differ it may take months to find out why.
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