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Dyes
| Глоссарий по текстилю и текстильной промышленности |
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Acid dyes, английский
- A class of dyes used on wool, other animal fibers, and some manufactured fibers. acid dyes are seldom used on cotton or linen since this process requires a mordant. acid dyes are widely used on nylon when high washfastness is required. in some cases, even higher washfastness can be obtained by aftertreatment with fixatives.
- Dyes
Aniline dyes, английский
- Dyes derived chemically from aniline or other coal tar derivatives.
- Dyes
Anthraquinone dyes, английский
- Dyes that have anthraquinone as their base and the carbonyl group (>c=o) as the chromophore. anthraquinone-based dyes are found in most of the synthetic dye classes.
- Dyes
Azo dyes, английский
- Dyes characterized by the presence of an azo group (-n=n-) as the chromophore. azo dyes are found in many of the synthetic dye classes.
- Dyes
Basic dyes, английский
- A class of positive-ion-carrying dyes known for their brilliant hues. basic dyes are composed of large-molecule, water-soluble salts that have a direct affinity for wool and silk and can be applied to cotton with a mordant. the fastness of basic dyes on these fibers is very poor. basic dyes are also used on basic-dyeable acrylics, modacrylics, nylons, and polyesters, on which they exhibit reasonably good fastness.
- Dyes
Batik, английский
- A resist-dyeing process in which portions of a fabric are coated with wax; during the dyeing process, only the uncovered areas take up dye. the process can be repeated so that several colors are used. batik dyeing is often imitated in machine printing.
- Dyes
Developed dyes, английский
- Dyes that are formed by the use of a developer. the substrate is first dyed in a neutral solution with a dye base, usually colorless. the dye is then diazotized with sodium nitrate and an acid and afterwards treated with a solution of b-naphthol, or a similar substance, which is the developer. direct dyes are developed to produce a different shade or to improve washfastness or lightfastness.
- Dyes
Direct dyes, английский
- A class of dyestuffs that are applied directly to the substrate in a neutral or alkaline bath. they produce full shades on cotton and linen without mordanting and can also be applied to rayon, silk, and wool. direct dyes give bright shades but exhibit poor washfastness. various aftertreatments are used to improve the washfastness of direct dyes, and such dyes are referred to as “aftertreated direct colors.”
- Dyes
Disperse dyes, английский
- A class of slightly water-soluble dyes originally introduced for dyeing acetate and usually applied from fine aqueous suspensions. disperse dyes are widely used for dyeing most of the manufactured fibers. fiber-reactive dyes: a type of water-soluble anionic dye having affinity for cellulose fibers. in the presence of alkali, they react with hydroxyl groups in the cellulose and thus are liked with the fiber. fiber-reactive dyes are relatively new dyes and are used extensively on cellulosics when bright shades are desired.
- Dyes
Dyestuff, английский
Dyes
Metallized dyes, английский
- A class of dyes that have metals in their molecular structure. they are applied from an acid bath.
- Dyes
Naphthol dyes, английский
- A type of azo compound formed on the fiber by first treating the fiber with a phenolic compound. the fiber is then immersed in a second solution containing a diazonuim salt that reacts with the phenilic compound to produce a colored azo compound. since the phenolic compound is dissolved in caustic solution, these dyes are mainly used for cellulose fiber, although other fibers can be dyed by modifying the process. (also see dyes, developed dyes.)
- Dyes
Sulfur dyes, английский
- A class of water-insoluble dyes that are applied in a soluble, reduced form from a sodium sulfide solution and are then reoxidized to the insoluble form on the fiber. sulfur dyes are mainly used on cotton for economical dark shades of moderate to good fastness to washing and light. they generally give very poor fastness to chlorine.
- Dyes
Vat dyes, английский
- A class of water-insoluble dyes which are applied to the fiber in a reduced, soluble form (leuco compound) and then reoxidized to the original insoluble form. vat dyes are among the most resistant dyes to both washing and sunlight. they are widely used on cotton, linen rayon, and other cellulosic fibers.
- Dyes
- V-bed flat-knitting machine: a latch-needle weft-knitting machine with two needlebeds at a 90° angle to each other in the form of an inverted v
- Each needlebed is at a 45° angle to the horizontal
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Dyes, basic dyes, английский
Dyeing, yarn dyeing, английский
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