Глоссарий по атомной энергетике содержит термины, краткие описания наиболее важных устройств и процессов, присутствующих в атомной энергетике.
| passive dosimeter | A passive dosimeter is a device used to record personal exposure to radiation (and sometimes environmental exposure ). examples are the film badge and the thermo luminescent dosimeter (tld) . an a... |
| personal decontamination | Personal decontamination requires the removal of radioactive contamination from the clothes and skin (including eyes, ears mouth and hair) of a contaminated person. whilst it is obviously advantag... |
| personal exposure | Personal exposure is taken to mean ionising radiation exposure which is received by a person (as apposed to many people collectively or the environment) |
| planar source | With respect to radiation protection , a plane source describes a source of ionising radiation which can physically be represented by a thin flat area (e.g area of contaminated). sources are often... |
| polonium - 210 (po-210) | Polonium 210 (po-210) is an alpha emitter with a half-life of around 138 days. po-210 is all around us in the environment at low concentrations (e.g. water, cigarette smoke, norm, radon etc). it i... |
| positron | - The positron has properties which are identical to those of a negatively charged electron , except that it has a positive charge. positrons are unstable in matter and disappear by annihilation...
позитрон; |
| probabilistic effects | With respect to radiation protection , probabilistic effects (also referred to as stochastic ) represent radiation harm for which there is no threshold (see linear dose response ) . even the small... |
| probabilistic safety assessment (psa) | Probabilistic safety assessment (psa) is a reliability assessment method which analyses engineering or management systems where safety is critical. the technique is used to determine the reliabili... |
| proton | - The proton is one of the basic particles that make up an atom . the proton is found in the nucleus and has a positive electrical charge equal to the negative charge of an electron . it has a m...
протон; |
| radiation protection | Radiation protection is a general term applied to the profession / science related to protecting man and the environment from radiation hazards. strictly speaking it should represent all forms of ... |
| radiation weighting factor | The radiation weighting factor is used to modify the absorbed dose (gray ) by multiplying to obtain a quantity called the equivalent dose (sv ). it is defined by the icrp and used because some typ... |
| radioactive | - Radioactive can generally describe the property of a substance (or more accurately atomic nuclei) which are unstable and spontaneously decay (disintegrate) with the release of energy, the ener...
rada; radioactivo; радиоактивности; радиоактивный; отходов; альфатрон; радиоактивные отходы; |
| radioactive decay | - Radioactive decay describes the process where by radioactive substances decay spontaneously with the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or particulate radiation. the ra...
радиоактивный распад; |
| radionuclide | - A radionuclide is a type of nuclide which is radioactive and will undergo spontaneous radioactive decay.
- Any radioactive isotope (form) of any element.
- An element which g...
радиоактивный нуклид; |
| radon (gas) | Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which is derived from the uranium and thorium decay series. radon (rn-222) is a colourless, odourless, dense and chemically un-reactive substances an... |
| rpa2000 | Rpa2000 is a non profit making company set up by the society for radiological protection; the institute of physics and engineering in medicine; the institute of radiation protection and the associ... |
| scintillation | - With respect to radiation protection , scintillation is the process where by a material will emit light photons when exposed to ionising radiation . the light photons can be measured with a ph...
сцинтилляция; |
| shielding (radiation) | Shieldling is a major protection principle for reducing exposure to ionising radiation (the two other related principles being time and distance ). see lead for a shielding example. |
| sieverts | The sievert (sv) is the si unit of equivalent dose & effective dose . the equivalent older unit is the rem where 1sv = 100 rem. |
| specific activity | Specific activity is taken to be the activity (bq) per unit mass (grams),normally expressed as bq/g. specific activity is related to half-life such that the shorter the half life the higher the sp... |
| stochastic | - With respect to radiation protection , stochastic effects (also referred to as probabilistic ) represent radiation harm for which there is no threshold (see linear dose response ) . even the s...
стохастический; |
| thermo luminescent dosimeter (tld) | The thermo luminescent dosimeter (tld) is a type of passive dosimeter which is used to measure exposure from ionising radiation . it is one of a number of methods used in the area of dosimetry . t... |
| tissue weighting factor | The tissue weighing factor is an icrp multiplier use to determine the effective dose from the equivalent dose in one or more organs or tissues. the factor takes account of the different sensitivit... |
| unsealed source | With respect to radiation protection , an unsealed source is is a source of ionising radiation in the form of radioactive material which is not encapsulated or otherwise contained. the implication... открытый источник; негерметизированный источник; |
| uranium | - Uranium is a heavy, metallic, naturally radioactive element of atomic number 92. it has two principle isotope of uranium-235 and uranium-238 ( and very small quantities of uranium-234). the pr...
u; уран; |
| volume source | With respect to radiation protection , a volume source describes a source of ionising radiation which can physically be represented by a solid space. for example a drum containing radioactive wast... |
| whole body monitor | Whole body monitoring is a technique which uses large scintillation detectors to measure radionuclide accumulation (natural or intakes). the measurements take place in heavily shielded enclosures.... |
| yellow cake | - Processed crude uranium oxide. this is the form in which most uranium is shipped around the world before processing into metallic metal and other forms.
- Урановый концентрат (продукт...
урановый концентрат; |
