| creel | - A framework arranged to hold slivers, roving, or yarns so that many ends can be withdrawn smoothly and evenly without tangling.
- A rack that holds spools and bobbins of yarn.
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| section beam | - A large flanged roll upon which warp yarn is wound at the beam warper in preparation for slashing.
- Small flanged or unflanged beams placed side by side on the shaft of a warp beam f...
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| pick counter | - A mechanical device that counts the picks as they are inserted during weaving.
- A mechanical device equipped with a magnifying glass used for counting picks (and/or ends) in finished...
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| pirn | - A wood, paper, or plastic support, cylindrical, or slightly tapered, with or without a conical base, on which yarn is wound.
- The double-tapered take-up yarn package from draw twisti...
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| breaking tenacity | - The tensile stress at rupture of a specimen expressed as newtons per tex (cn/tex).
- The tensile stress at rupture of a specimen (fiber, filament, yarn, cord, or similar structure) ex...
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| industrial fabric | - A broad term for fabrics used for non-apparel and non-decorative uses. they fall into the following classes: · fabrics employed in industrial processes (e.g. filtration, polishing, and absorpt...
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| broken pick | - A broken filling yarn in a fabric. broken picks can result from: excessive shuttle tension, weak yarn, or filling coming in contact with a sharp surface. c
- A broken filling thread i...
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| broken end | - A broken, untied warp yarn in a fabric. broken ends can result from: slubs, knots, improper shuttle alignment, shuttle hitting the warp shed, excessive warp tension, faulty sizing, and rough r...
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| manufactured fiber | - A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) produced from fiber forming substances which may be polymers synthesized from chemical compounds (acrylic, nylon, polyester, pol...
chemical fiber; modified or transformed natural polymers, e.g., alginic and cellulose-based fibers such as acetates and rayons; and; |
| mock leno | - A combination of weaves having interlacing that tend to form the warp ends into groups in the cloth. this gives the imitation of an open structure that is characteristic of leno fabrics.
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| throwster | - A company that specializes in putting additional twist in yarn.
- A company that specializes in putting additional twist in yarn. more recently, the term also applies to a company tha...
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| cabled twist | A construction of thread, yarn, cord, or rope in which each successive twist is in the same direction opposite the preceding twists; i.e. an s/z/s, or z/s/z construction. |
| hopsacking | - A course, open, basket-weave fabric that gets its name from the plain-weave fabric of jute or hemp used for sacking in which hops are gathered.
- A coarse, open, basket-weave fabric t...
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| let-off motion | A device for controlling the delivery and tension of the warp during weaving. |
| uneven dyeing | - A fabric dyeing that shows variations in shade resulting from incorrect processing, or dyeing methods, or from the use of faulty materials.
- A fabric dyeing that shows variations in ...
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| bi-directional fabric | A fabric having reinforcing fibers in two directions, i.e. in the warp (machine) direction and filling (cross-machine) direction. |
| impregnated fabric | - A fabric in which the interstices between the yarns are completely filled, as compared to sized or coated materials where the interstices are not completely filled.
- A fabric in whic...
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| broadcloth | - A fabric so named because it is woven in widths exceeding 29 inches.
- 1. originally, a silk shirting fabric so named because it was woven in widths exceeding the usual 29 inches. 2. ...
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| coated fabric | A fabric to which a substance such as lacquer, plastic, resin, rubber, or varnish has been applied in firmly adhering layers to provide certain properties, such as water impermeability. |
| slit tape | - A fabric, 12 inches, or less in width made by cutting wider fabric to the desired width.
- A fabric, 12 inches or less in width, made by cutting wider fabric to the desired width. sli...
cut tape; |
| polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) fiber | A fluoride containing manufactured fiber characterized by high chemical stability, relative inertness and high melting point. the fiber has moderate tensile strength, resistance to chemicals and h... |
| textile materials | - A general term for fibers, yarn intermediates, yarn, fabrics, and products made from fibers.
- A general term for fibers, yarn intermediates, yarn, fabrics, and products made from fab...
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| grosgrain | - A heavy fabric with prominent ribs. grosgrain has a dressy appearance and is used in ribbons, vestments, and ceremonial cloths. h
- A heavy fabric with prominent ribs, grosgrain has a...
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| needle loom | - A high-speed narrow fabric-weaving machine (loom) that uses a needle to insert filling across a warp. a needle loom uses a catch cord system to make a selvage on one edge of the weave and to r...
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| packages | - A large selection of forms for winding yarn onto. examples include a cone, cheese, and pineapple package.
- A large selection of forms for winding yarn is available to meet the requir...
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| warp beam | - A large spool or flanged cylinder around which the warp yarn, or ends, are wound in a uniform and parallel arrangement.
- A large spool or flanged cylinder around which the warp threa...
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| bally ribbon mills (brm) | A leader in the narrow fabrics industry. in business 90 years, it is known for its high quality goods, excellent customer service, and technical engineering expertise. |
| shuttless loom | A loom in which a device other than a shuttle is used for weft insertion. |
| tenter frame | - A machine that dries fabric to a specified width under tension. the machine consists essentially of a pair of endless chains on horizontal tracks. the fabric is held firmly at the edges by pin...
stenter; |
| rayon fiber | - A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose as well as manufactured fibers composed of regenerated cellulose in which the substituents have replaced not more than 15% of the hydroge...
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| polyester fiber | - A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, includin...
the glycol and terephthalic acid react directly to form the polymer with water as the by-product. as with nylon, the filaments are spun in a melt-spinning process, then stretched several times their original length, which orients the long chain molecules ; |
| aramid fiber | - A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming material is a long chain synthetic polyamide having at least 85% of its amide linkages (-nh-co-) attached directly to two aromatic rings.
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| nylon fiber | - A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polyamide having recurring amide groups (-nh-co-) as an integral part of the polymer chain.
- A man...
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| olefin fiber | - A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed at least 85% by weight of ethylene, polyethylene, or other olefin unit. olefin fibers com...
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| polyethylene fiber | - A manufactured fiber made of polymerized polyethylene units, often in monofilament form as well as in filament form. the fibers have low specific gravity, very low retention of moisture, the s...
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| polypropylene fiber | - A manufactured olefin fiber made from polymers or copolymers of polypropylene. this is a tough fiber with a tenacity of 3.5 to 4.5 grams/denier and a melting point of 165° c. it is so light in...
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| moisture regain | - A measure of the increase in weight due to the adsorption of water by a fiber vs. its initial dry weight. usually expressed as %.
- The percentage of moisture in a textile material br...
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| break factor | - A measure of yarn strength calculated as: 1) the product of breaking strength times the indirect yarn number. 2) the product of breaking strength times the reciprocal of the direct yarn number...
breaking ratio; gram break factor; lea count constant; lea product; strength count product; the product of breaking strength times the reciprocal of the direct yarn number.; |
| dobby | - A mechanical attachment on a loom that controls the harness to permit the weaving of geometric figures.
- An attachment to a loom that controls the warp threads through the raising of...
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| spinneret | - A metal disc containing numerous minute holes used in manufactured fiber extrusion. the spinning solution or melted polymer is forced through the holes to form fiber filaments.
- A me...
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| tensile test | - A method of measuring the resistance of yarn or fabric to a force tending to stretch the specimen in one direction.
- A method of measuring the resistance of a yarn or fabric to a for...
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| braided fabric | - A narrow fabric made by crossing a number of strands diagonally so that each strand passes alternately over or under one or more of the other strands.
- A narrow fabric made by crossi...
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| taffeta | - A plain-weave fabric with a fine, smooth, crisp hand with a lustrous appearance. taffeta fabric usually has a fine cross rib made by using a heavier filling yarn than warp yarn.
- A p...
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| twist setting | - A process for fixing the twist in yarns to deaden torque and to eliminate kinking during further processing. this process usually involves using steam.
- A process for fixing twist in...
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| warp drawing | A process in which a number of threadlines, are orientated under essentially equal mechanical and thermal conditions by a stretching stage using variable speed rolls, then directly wound onto the ... |
| young’s modulus | A property of perfectly elastic materials, it is the ratio of change in stress to change in strain within the elastic limits of the material. the ratio is calculated from the stress expressed in f... |
| yarn number | - A relative measure of the fineness of yarns.
- A relative measure of the fineness of yarns. two classes of systems are in use: (1) direct yarn number (equal to linear density) is the ...
indirect yarn number (equal to the reciprocal of linear density) is the length per unit mass of yarn. this system is used for cotton, linen, and wool-type spun yarns. (also see cotton count.) yarn number, equivalent single: the number of a plied yarn or c; |
| doff | A set of full packages, bobbins, spools, etc. produced by one machine. |
| jet loom | - A shuttleless loom that employs a jet of water, or air to carry the filling yarn through the shed. k
- A shuttleless loom that employs a jet of water or air to carry the filling yarn ...
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| projectile loom | - A shuttleless loom that uses small, bullet like projectiles to carry the filling yarn through the warp shed. fill is inserted on the same side of the loom and a tucked selvage is formed.
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| air jet spinning | - A spinning system in which yarn is made by wrapping fibers around a core stream of fibers with compressed air.
- A spinning system in which yarn is made by wrapping fibers around a co...
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| drop wires | - A stop-motion device utilizing metal wires suspended from warp or creeled yarns. when a yarn breaks, the wire drops, activating a switch that stops the machine.
- A stop-motion device...
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| knit fabric | - A structure produced by interlooping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.
- A structure produced by interlooping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material. (also see...
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| jacquard | - A system of weaving that utilizes a highly versatile pattern mechanism to permit the production of large, intricate designs and (at bally ribbon mills) shapes. the weave controls the action of...
жаккард; |
| transition temperature | - A temperature at which some radical change, usually a phase change, in the appearance or structure of a substance occurs, i.e. melting point, boiling point.
- A temperature at which s...
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| balanced cloth | - A term describing a woven fabric with the same size yarn and the same number of threads per inch in both the warp and the fill direction.
- A term describing a woven fabric with the s...
square construction; |
| loom-finished | A term describing fabric that is sold in the condition in which it comes off the loom (see greige). |
| high modulus | - A term that refers to a material with a higher than normal resistance to deformation.
- A term that refers to a material with a higher than normal resistance to deformation. (also see...
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| heat stabilized | - A term to describe fiber or yarn heat-treated to reduce the tendency of the fiber to shrink, elongate under a load, or at elevated temperatures.
- A term to describe fiber or yarn hea...
thermally stabilized; |
| put-up | A term used to describe how a fabric is supplied. put-up is usually described in terms of length, on rolls, or bulk supplied and may have standards as to how many “cuts” are allowed per roll or bo... |
| yarn construction | - A term used to indicate the number of single yarns and the number of strands combined to form each successive unit of plied yarn or cord.
- A term used to indicate the number of singl...
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| wear test | - A test for fabric wear, abrasion, flexibility, washing, crushing, creasing, etc., in which the fabric is made into a garment, worn for a specific length of time and then assessed for performan...
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| raw fiber | - A textile fiber in its natural state, such as silk or cotton as it comes from the bale.
- A textile fiber in its natural state, such as silk “in the gum” and cotton as it comes from t...
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| alternating twist | - A texturing procedure in which s and z twist are alternately inserted in the yarn by means of a special heating apparatus.
- A texturing procedure in which s and z twist are alternate...
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| two-for-one twister | A twister that inserts twist at a rate of twice the spindle speed. u |
| basket weave | - A variation of the plain weave in which two or more warp and filling yarns are woven side to side to resemble a plaited basket.
- A variation on plain weave in which two or more warp ...
matt effect; |
| end out | A void caused by a missing warp yarn. thread out; missing end; |
| leno weave | - A weave in which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted around the other between picks of filling yarn. this type of weave gives firmness and strength to an open-weave fabric an...
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| mis-pick | A weaving defect in which a pick is improperly interlaced, resulting in a break in the weave pattern. |
| filament yarn | - A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist.
- A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist. (also see yarn.)
continuous filament yarn; |
| multifilament | - A yarn consisting of many strands, as opposed to monofilament, which is one strand. most textile yarns are multifilament. n
- A yarn made up of multiple continuous filaments.
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| slub | A yarn defect consisting of a lump, or thick place on the yarn caused by lint, or small lengths of yarn adhering to it. |
| cabled yarn | - A yarn formed by twisting together two or more plied yarns.
- A yarn formed by twisting two or more plied yarns together. cad: computer aided design.
- Пряжа, полученная путе...
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| core-spun yarn | A yarn made by twisting fibers around a filament or a previously spun yarn, thus concealing the core. |
| ultraviolet resistance | Ability to retain strength and resist deterioration on exposure to sunlight. actinic resistance; |
| graphite fiber | - Although the terms carbon and graphite are used interchangeably, graphite fibers are more accurately defined as fibers that are 99+% carbonized, while the term carbon is used for any fiber car...
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| l.o.i (limiting oxygen index) | An abbreviation for limiting oxygen index. it is a relative measure of flammability. the higher the value, the lower the flammability. |
