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Глоссарии и словари бюро переводов Фларус

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Mining (bitcoin)

Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну
    Mining is the process of adding transaction records to bitcoin’s public ledger of past transactions or blockchain. this ledger of past transactions is called the blockchain as it is a chain of blocks. the block chain serves to confirm transactions to the rest of the network as having taken place. bitcoin nodes use the blockchain to distinguish legitimate bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent elsewhere. mining is intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and challenging so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady. individual blocks must contain a proof of work to be considered valid. this proof of work is verified by other bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. bitcoin uses the hashcash proof-of-work function. the primary purpose of mining is to allow bitcoin nodes to reach a secure, tamper-resistant consensus. mining is also the mechanism used to introduce bitcoins into the system: miners are paid any transaction fees as well as a “subsidy” of newly created coins. this both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the system




Min, английский
  1. Minimum — минимум

  2. Minimum

  3. Minor

  4. Minute

  5. Missileborne

  6. Сеть с обходными путями

  7. Message identification number min minute


Min, английский

Min, русский
    Минуты


Min, шведский

Min (s.), шведский

Min button, английский
    Кнопка свертывания; кнопка сворачивания (окна) min-cut placement algorithm алгоритм минимизации числа пересечений


Min hustru ..., шведский

Min make ..., шведский

Min max buttons, английский
    Кнопки изменения размеров окна; кнопки распахивания/сворачивания окна


Min,mnm, английский

Min., латинский

Min., английский
    Minute


Min. e., английский
    Mineral engineer; mining engineer


Min/max, английский
    Minimum/maximum (cargo quantity)


Mina, русский

Mina [ae, f], латинский

Minable, английский

Minac, английский
  1. Miniature navigation airborne computer

  2. Minuteman action committee


Minaciter, латинский

Minae [arum, fpl], латинский

Minah, английский

Transaction, английский
  1. Любое событие в результате которого происходит изменение финансовой позиции организации в ходе её обычной работы. примером транзакции является осуществление покупки с помощью кредитной карты.

  2. (транзакция) соглашение между покупателем и продавцом, для продажи актива;

  3. Операция открытия/закрытия позиции.

  4. Экономическая операция (в снс; элементарный акт хозяйственной деятельности, совершаемый между хозяйственными единицами: производство, капиталовложения, потребление и др.; операции могут быть односторонними и двусторонними, капитальными и текущими, товарными и нетоварными, фактическими и условными, расчетными)

  5. A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. in a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and entering into contracts are also valid transaction types.

  6. A data manipulation action processed by a database.

  7. A physical economic exchange action.

  8. A social economic exchange action.

  9. An event or condition that is recorded in asset, liability, expense, revenue, and/or equity accounts. sales to customers or purchases from vendors are examples of transactions.

  10. The pairing of two or more actions that are performed together as a single action; the action succeeds or fails as a whole.

  11. The posting or registration of a change on a document or a journal line.

  12. The delivery of a security by a seller and its acceptance by the buyer.

  13. Операция

  14. Language use to achieve ends rather than maintain social relationships.

  15. Information that entrance transfers to another computer system, either directly (via dll or other interface) or by saving it in a transfer file.


Transactions, английский
    Операции (в снс; понятия, относящиеся к реализации товаров и услуг экономическими единицами, получающими за это определенную компенсацию; по характеру объектов подразделяются на текущие, т. е. предназначенные для немедленного использования или потребления, и капитальные операции, т. е. по увеличению национального богатства)


Blockchain, английский
  1. A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger, comprised of unchangable, digitally recorded data in packages called blocks (rather like collating them on to a single sheet of paper). each block is then ‘chained’ to the next block, using a cryptographic signature. this allows block chains to be used like a ledger, which can be shared and accessed by anyone with the appropriate permissions.

  2. Shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. it is a cryptographed, secure, tamper resistant distributed database. it solves a complex mathematical problem to exist. a blockchain is a perfect place to store value, identities, agreements, property rights, credentials, etc. once you put something like a bitcoin into it, it will stay there forever. it is decentralized, disintermediated, cheap and censorship resistant. applications of blockchain: bitcoin (cryptocurrency), namecoin (wants to replace the entire dns system of the internet), or sia (a decentralized cloud storage), ethereum (turing complete virtual machine where you can run any smart contract); any centralized service like ebay, dropbox can potentially be built in a decentralized way using blockchain technology, considerably lowering transaction costs

  3. Think of blockchain as a database or a spreadsheet. but a really special spreadsheet. there`s no centralized master copy. instead, it`s shared on many computers. it`s special because you can only add to it. there`s no editing of history. the database is divided into chronological sub-sheets. these are the blocks. the last line of any block summarizes all of the data in the block, and ч and this is pretty important ч appears as the first line of the next block. if anyone tries to edit a block, the last line will change and will not match the first line of the next block. the network sees this corrupted block and immediately replaces it. this ingenious trick makes it futile to rewrite history and guarantees an unprecedented degree of security. blockchain was invented by haber and stornetta in 1991 but made famous in the satoshi nakamoto`s bitcoin paper.


Distinguish, английский
    Отличать; различать; различаться


Legitimate, английский
  1. Законнорожденный

  2. Оправданный; обоснованный; законный


Intentionally, английский
    Специально; намеренно


Challenging, английский
    Invite the coachee to stretch beyond their comfort zone, and challenge assumptions, limiting beliefs and perspectives to provoke new insight and possibilities. without judgement or criticism


Individual, английский
    Физическое лицо


Proof of work, английский
  1. Pow system/protocol/function is an economic measure to deter denial of service attacks and other service abuses such as spam on a network by requiring some work from the service requester, usually meaning processing time by a computer. the concept may have been first presented by cynthia dwork and moni naor in a 1993 journal. the term “proof of work” was first coined and formalized in a 1999 paper by markus jakobsson and ari juels. a key feature of these schemes is their asymmetry: the work must be moderately hard (but feasible) on the requester side but easy to check for the service provider. this idea is also known as a cpu cost function, client puzzle, computational puzzle or cpu pricing function

  2. One important property of a block in bitcoin, ethereum and many other crypto-ledgers is that the hash of the block must be smaller than some target value. the reason this is necessary is that in a decentralized system anyone can produce blocks, so in order to prevent the network from being flooded with blocks, and to provide a way of measuring how much consensus there is behind a particular version of the blockchain, it must in some way be hard to produce a block. because hashes are pseudorandom, finding a block whose hash is less than takes an average of 4.3 billion attempts. in all such systems, the target value self-adjusts so that on average one node in the network finds a block every n minutes (eg. n = 10 for bitcoin and 1 for ethereum).


Transaction fees (bitcoin), английский
    May be included with any transfer of bitcoins from one address to another. at the moment, many transactions are typically processed in a way where no fee is expected at all, but for transactions which draw coins from many bitcoin addresses and therefore have a large data size, a small transaction fee is usually expected. the transaction fee is processed by and received by the bitcoin miner. when a new bitcoin block is generated with a successful hash, the information for all of the transactions is included with the block, and all transaction fees are collected by that user creating the block, who is free to assign those fees to himself. transaction fees are voluntary on the part of the person making the bitcoin transaction, as the person attempting to make a transaction can include any fee or none at all in the transaction. on the other hand, nobody mining new bitcoins necessarily needs to accept the transactions and include them in the new block being created. the transaction fee is, therefore, an incentive on the part of the bitcoin user to make sure that a particular transaction will get included in the next block which is generated. it is envisioned that over time the cumulative effect of collecting transaction fees will allow somebody creating new blocks to “earn” more bitcoins than will be mined from new bitcoins created by the new block itself. this is also an incentive to keep trying to create new blocks even if the value of the newly created block from the mining activity is zero in the far future