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Telomerase
| Глоссарий по микробиологии и вирусологии
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Enzyme that attaches to the end of a linear chromosome and adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of one of the dna strands, maintaining the telomere sequence, thus preventing loss of dna from the end of the chromosome
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Теломераза, русский
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Chromosome, английский
- A rodshaped structure in the nucleus of a cell, formed of dna, which carries the genes comment: each human cell has 46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. the female has one pair of x chromosomes, and the male one pair of xy chromosomes, which are responsible for the sexual difference. sperm from a male have either an x or a y chromosome. if a y chromosome sperm fertilises the female’s ovum the child will be male.
- In genetic algorithms, this is a data structure that holds a sequence of task parameters, often called genes. they are often encoded so as to allow easy mutations and crossovers (i.e., changes in value and transfer between competing solutions). see also: crossover, gene, genetic algorithm, mutations.
- The structures in the nucleus of the cell, consisting of dna bound to histones and other proteins. the genes are made of dna (although most of the dna sequence is not part of any gene). genes are arranged along the chromosomes in a continuous sequence. chromosome protein structure allows for selective activation (genes are transcribed into protein) or silencing (genes are not expressed), and thus for differential expression of the genome in different cell types and expression of genes in appropriate sequences during the development of the organism or under various metabolic conditions.
- Bacteria genomic dna
- Discrete dna structure within a cell that controls cellular activities
Nucleotides, английский
Molecules that consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a ribose or desoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
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Aminoacyl-trna synthetase, английский
Enzyme that binds to a trna molecule and catalyzes the addition of the correct amino acid to the trna
Rna polymerase, английский
Enzyme that adds nucleotides to the 3’-oh group of the growing mrna molecule that are complementary to the template strand, forming covalent phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides in the rna
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