| feminism | A doctrine or movement advocating equal rights for women in social and political life |
| liberal democracy | A form of democracy where majority rule is underpinned by liberal rights such as freedom of speech, assembly and religious beliefs, and the right to private property, privacy and due legal process... |
| zionism | A movement formerly for re-establishing, now for advancing, the jewish national state of israel |
| apartheid | A policy of racial segregation, exploitation and oppression developed by white minority south african governments |
| multiculturalism | A policy of valuing and maintaining the distinctive identities of all cultural groups within a society |
| marxism | A political and economic theory developed by karl marx and frederick engles that called for the abolition of private property and emphasised the role of the state in providing work and benefits fo... |
| urbanisation | A process, usually accompanied by industrialisation, where people move from traditional life in the countryside to towns and cities |
| stalinism | A system of government originating in the soviet union under joseph stalin |
| warlordism | A system where power is controlled by regional military leaders and the central government has broken down, especially in china 1916-1928 |
| socialism | - A system where wealth, land and property are owned and controlled by the community as a whole rather than being privately owned
- An economic system in which all members of a society ...
|
| communalism | A theory that a nation should be organised around different regional communities and that a nation is merely a federation of such states. in india these communities are mostly religious. |
| isolationism | A view in american foreign policy that argues that the best interests of the united states lay in avoiding international entanglements |
| interpretation | - A way of understanding and explaining what has happened in the past. the discipline of history acknowledges that there is often more than one view of what has happened in the past
- И...
интерпретация; интерпретация; интерпретирование;; анализ;; дешифрирование; |
| autocracy | Absolute rule or government by one person |
| consumerism | An aspect of capitalism that encourages the consumption of goods and services |
| bolshevism | An ideology advocating the seizure of power by a revolutionary elite in the name of the proletariat |
| maoism | An ideology expounded by mao zedong in china that emphasised the revolutionary role of the peasants in achieving communism |
| anarchism | An ideology that argues a society can be run without rules or a government and that the abolition of these things will lead to freedom, equality and justice |
| intifada | An uprising conducted by the palestinian people in the occupied territories against the state of israel |
| case studies | Case studies are inquiry-based investigations into key features, issues, individuals, groups, events or concepts in modern history. they are oriented towards the problems and issues of investigati... |
| liberalism | Commitment to individual freedoms such as freedom of trade, speech, press, association and religion |
| detente | Easing the strained relations between the super powers during the cold war |
| konfrontasi | Foreign policy conducted by the indonesian government during the 1960s towards malaysia and singapore |
| anti-semitism | Hostility or hatred towards peoples of semitic origins but is used to mean anti-jewish |
| zaibatsu | Huge economic and industrial organisations formed by a few japanese families after the meiji restoration |
| regionalism | Movement that developed in indonesia`s provinces emphasising the need for each region to maintain its own identity and independence |
| pan-nationalism | Nationalism that crosses national borders |
| guomindang | Nationalist political party in china that became the government from 1927 to 1949 |
| anti-ecumenism | Opposed to the doctrines and practice of the ecumenical movement and hence to the unity of the christian churches |
| appeasement | Policy attributed to european governments in the 1930s that met the expansionist policies of nazi germany by offering concessions |
| containment | - Specific us cold war foreign policy aimed at limiting the spread of communism
- The blocking by one nation of another nation’s attempts to spread influence—especially the efforts of t...
сдерживание; mbajtje nën kontroll; احتواء; ограничаване; 遏制; zadržavanje; indelukning; inperking; مهار; hillitseminen; confinement; eindämmung; Περιορισμός; בלימה; elszigetelés; रोकथाम/नियंत्रण; pengurungan; contenimento; 封じ込め; таралуын тоқтату; 방지; ierobežošana; sulaikymas; powstrzymywanie; contenção; предотвращение распространения; บรรจุ; защитная оболочка реактора; |
| national sovereignty | Supreme and independent power or authority that is claimed by a state or cultural or ethnic group |
| totalitarianism | System of government where the state seeks to gain complete control over its citizens and does not recognise or tolerate parties of differing opinion |
| third world | Term used during the cold war that referred to developing nations that did not identify themselves with either the usa or soviet blocs |
| new order | Term used to describe the policies of the suharto government in promoting the values of national unity, modernisation and capitalism in indonesia |
| racism | - The belief in the superiority of one race of people over others
- The belief that some people are inferior because of their race.
|
| militarism | - The belief that strong armed forces, discipline and obedience will solve political and social problems
- The belief that a nation needs a large military force.
|
| pancasila | The five values that formed the basis of the indonesian state after independence: faith in one god, humanism, nationalism, representative government and social justice |
| modernisation | The process of becoming modern, accepting change and modern values |
| decolonisation | The process of colonies being freed from imperial rule through their own initiatives or the granting of self-government |
| industrialisation | The process of moving towards large-scale mechanised industry, usually accompanied by urbanisation, rather than agriculture, crafts and trading |
| internationalism | - The promotion of the belief in global cooperation rather than national rivalry
- N интер- национализм, интернациональное слово
|
| nationalism | - The promotion of the interests of one`s own nation above all others
- A feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one’s country.
|
| sectarianism | The reinforcement of divisions between religious groups |
| collectivisation | The socialist policy of joining together small farms and other enterprises under group or state ownership |
| historiography | The study of how history is constructed. it involves the critical analysis and evaluation of the reliability of evidence, as well as the way history has been written in the past |
| terrorism | The use and threat of violence for political purposes terrorismo; |
| proletariat | The working or unpropertied class who rely on the sale of their labour for an income |
| satyagraha | `truth force` or `holding on to the truth` - a non-violent method of resistance developed in india by mahatma gandhi to ensure political or social change |
| government intervention | Where a government involves itself directly and actively in the regulation of economic and business activities |
| imperialism | - Where one country possesses, governs or controls other countries beyond its own borders
- The policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control ov...
|
