| loyalist | An american colonist who supported the british in the american revolution. |
| patroon | A person who brought 50 settlers to new netherland and in return received a large land grant and other special privileges. |
| royal colony | A colony ruled by governors appointed by a king. |
| backcountry | A colonial region that ran along the appalachian mountains through the far western part of the new england, middle, and southern colonies. |
| subsistence farm | A farm that produces enough food for the family with a small additional amount for trade. |
| triangular trade | - The transatlantic system of trade in which goods, including slaves, were exchanged between africa, england, europe, the west indies, and the colonies in north america.
- There were ac...
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| navigation acts | - A series of laws passed by parliament, beginning in 1651, to ensure that england made money from its colonies’ trade.
- Various statutes by which the legislature of great britain has ...
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| cash crop | - A crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money rather than for personal use.
- Товарная культура (с/х)
товарная культура; товарная часть урожая; сельскохозяйственная; |
| gristmill | - A mill in which grain is ground to produce flour or meal.
- A mill for grinding grain; in earlier times powered by the wind, a stream, river, or by tidal water.
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| diversity | - A variety of people.
- The nonsimultaneous occurrence of maximum demands on any given part of a system. diversity factor 1. in an electric wiring system, the ratio of the sum of the i...
разнообразие; многообразие; разновидность; разнообразие;; разнесение; разновременность;; |
| indigo | - A plant grown in the southern colonies that yields a deep blue dye.
- Originally, a natural blue vat dye extracted from plants, especially the indigofera tinctoria plant. most indigo ...
бот. (мн. indigos,; |
| fall line | The point at which a waterfall prevents large boats from moving farther upriver. линия падения; |
| clan | A large group of families that claim a common ancestor. клан; |
| great awakening | A revival of religious feeling in the american colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. |
| enlightenment | - An 18th-century movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge.
- An enhancement made to the operating system to help reduce the cost of cert...
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| magna carta | “great charter;” a document guaranteeing basic political rights in england, approved by king john in 1215. |
| english bill of rights | An agreement signed by william and mary to respect the rights of english citizens and of parliament, including the right to free elections. |
| glorious revolution | The overthrow of english king james ii in 1688 and his replacement by william and mary. |
| french and indian war | A conflict in north america from 1754 to 1763 that was part of a worldwide struggle between france and britain; britain defeated france and gained french canada. |
| albany plan of union | The first formal proposal to unite the american colonies, put forth by benjamin franklin. |
| treaty of paris | The 1763 treaty that ended the french and indian war; britain gave up all of north america east of the mississippi river. |
| stamp act | A 1765 law passed by parliament that required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing a tax had been paid. |
| sugar act | A law passed by parliament in 1764 that placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies; also called for harsh punishment of smugglers. |
| quartering act | A law passed by parliament in 1765 that required the colonies to house and supply british soldiers. |
| sons of liberty | A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose british policies at the time of the american revolution. |
| boycott | A refusal to buy certain goods. |
| committee of correspondence | A group of people in the colonies who exchanged letters on colonial affairs. |
| boston tea party | The dumping of 342 chests of tea into boston harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the tea act. |
| minuteman | - A member of the colonial militia who was trained to respond “at a minute’s warning.”
- Человек, всегда готовый к действию, активный деятель
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| intolerable acts | A series of laws enacted by parliament in 1774 to punish massachusetts colonists for the boston tea party. |
| first continental congress | A meeting of delegates in 1774 from all the colonies except georgia to uphold colonial rights. |
| lexington and concord | Sites in massachusetts of the first battles of the american revolution. |
| continental army | A colonial force authorized by the second continental congress in 1775, with george washington as its commanding general. |
| second continental congress | A governing body whose delegates agreed, in may 1775, to form the continental army and to approve the declaration of independence. |
| declaration of independence | The document, written in 1776, in which the colonies declared independence from britain. |
| rendezvous | - A meeting.
- Встреча; сбор; мес- то сбора (самолетов)
- The port or place of destination where the several ships of a fleet are appointed to join company.
hdvu; |
| battles of saratoga | A series of conflicts between british soldiers and the continental army in 1777 that proved to be a turning point in the revolutionary war. |
| privateer | - A privately owned ship that has government permission during wartime to attack an enemy’s merchant ships.
- A privately owned ship authorised by a national power (by means of a #lette...
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| guerrilla | A soldier who weakens the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks. |
| pacifist | A person morally opposed to war. |
| battle of yorktown | The last major battle of the revolutionary war, which resulted in the surrender of british forces in 1781. |
| treaty of paris of 1783 | The treaty that ended the revolutionary war, confirming the independence of the united states and setting the boundaries of the new nation. |
| wilderness road | The trail into kentucky that woodsman daniel boone helped to build. |
| articles of confederation | A document, adopted by the continental congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new united states. |
| land ordinance of 1785 | A law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the appalachian mountains. |
| northwest ordinance | It described how the northwest territory was to be governed and set conditions for settlement and settlers’ rights. |
| northwest territory | Territory covered by the land ordinance of 1785, which included land that formed the states of ohio, indiana, michigan, illinois, wisconsin, and part of minnesota. |
| constitutional convention | A meeting held in 1787 to consider changes to the articles of confederation; resulted in the drafting of the constitution. |
| new jersey plan | A plan of government proposed at the constitutional convention in 1787 that called for a one-house legislature in which each state would have one vote. |
| virginia plan | A plan proposed by edmund randolph, a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1787, that proposed a government with three branches and a two-house legislature in which representation would be... |
| three-fifths compromise | The constitutional convention’s agreement to count three-fifths of a state’s slaves as population for purposes of representation and taxation. |
| great compromise | The constitutional convention’s agreement to establish a two-house national legislature, with all states having equal representation in one house and each state having representation based on its ... |
| antifederalist | A person who opposed the ratification of the u.s. constitution. |
| federalists | Supporters of the constitution. |
| federalist papers | A series of essays defending and explaining the constitution. |
| bill of rights | The first ten amendments to the u.s. constitution, added in 1791, and consisting of a formal list of citizens’ rights and freedoms. |
| popular sovereignty | A government in which the people rule |
| separation of powers | The division of basic government roles into branches. |
| individual right | A personal liberty and privilege guaranteed to u.s. citizens by the bill of rights. |
| limited government | The principle that requires all u.s. citizens, including government leaders, to obey the law. |
| impeachment | The process of accusing a public official of wrongdoing. |
| quorum | - The minimum number of members that must be present for official business to take place.
- For a failover cluster, the number of elements that must be online for a given cluster to con...
кворум; |
| appropriation | - Public funds set aside for a specific purpose.
- A distribution of net income to various accounts or entities.
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| bill of attainder | A law that condemns a person without a trial in court. |
| natural-born citizen | A citizen born in the united states or a commonwealth of the united states or to parents who are u.s. citizens living outside the country. |
| reprieve | - A delay or cancellation of punishment.
- Отсрочка приведения в исполнение (смертного) приговора rep – ret
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| inferior court | A court with less authority than the supreme court. |
| appellate | Having power to review court decisions. |
| compulsory process | A required procedure. |
| due process of law | - Fair treatment under the law.
- Установленный законом процесс
- Установленный законом порядок
установленный законом процесс; |
| archaeologist | A scientist who studies the human past by examining the things people left behind. |
| domestication | The practice of breeding plants or taming animals to meet human needs. |
| civilization | A form of culture characterized by city trade centers, specialized workers, organized forms of government and religion, systems of record keeping, and advanced tools. |
| treaty of greenville | A 1795 agreement in which 12 native american tribes surrendered much of present-day ohio and indiana to the u.s. government. |
| whiskey rebellion | A 1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey, which was valuable to the livelihood of backcountry farmers. |
| french revolution | In 1789, the french launched a movement for liberty and equality. |
| jay’s treaty | The agreement that ended dispute over american shipping during the french revolution. |
