2k | 2k is a 17:9 format, defined by the digital cinema initiatives, is a resolution of 2048 x 1080. it is most commonly found on professional cinema cameras and gear. |
buffer memory | - A buffer memory is a temporary “holding area” for image data waiting to be processed in a camera. buffers enable a camera to continue capturing new image files without having to shut down whil...
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slr (single-lens-reflex) | A camera that utilizes a prism and mirror system to project the image seen by the lens onto a focusing screen located below the prism housing. the image the user sees in the viewfinder is identica... |
nimh ( nickel-metal hydride) battery | A commonly used rechargeable battery for digital cameras and camcorders. a nimh battery can offer two to three times the capacity of an equivalent size nicad battery. |
four thirds (4/3) | A compact digital camera format designed around a 17.3 x 13mm imaging sensor, which is a quarter the size of a full-frame (35mm) imaging sensor. four thirds cameras and lenses are manufactured pri... |
storage card (memory card) | A compact memory storage device used to store data captured by a digital camera. storage card formats include compactflash (cf), secure digital (sd), xd, smartmedia, and memory sticks. |
lossy | - A data-compression technique that can reduce the detail of a digital image file. most video compression techniques utilize lossy compression. see non-lossy or lossless.
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card reader/writer | A device that allows you to transfer data directly from a camera`s removable memory card to the computer, without being compelled to connect the camera to the computer. |
hdslr | A digital single lens reflex camera (dslr) that can also capture high-definition video. most current dslrs are also hdslrs, making the terms almost interchangeable. |
follow focus | A follow focus is a focus-control mechanism used in filmmaking (with film cameras) and in television production (with professional video cameras). there are now follow-focus units that have been d... enfoque continuo; |
hardware calibration | A method of calibrating a digital camera, scanner, printer or monitor using specialized hardware such as colorimeters, densitometers, and spectrometers. |
red-eye reduction | A method of reducing or eliminating red-eye from flash photographs by using a short burst of light, or pre-flash, to momentarily “stop-down” the pupils of the subject’s eyes prior to the actual fl... |
lab color | A perceptually linear color space (rgb and cmyk are non-linear color spaces) that utilizes luminance as a means of increasing contrast and color saturation. |
compactflash card (cf) | A popular flash memory device, which is available in a number of storage capacities. unlike earlier mechanically driven microdrives, newer cf cards are solid state, quite stable, and are capable o... |
color calibration | - A process by which the image source (digital camera or scanner), monitor and output (printer) are calibrated to use the same or similar color standard, i.e., adobe rgb, srgb, etc). this ensure...
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reflex | A reflex camera is one that utilizes a mirror system to reflect the light (or latent image) coming through the lens to a visible screen. the image seen in the camera`s viewfinder is identical to w... reflejo; |
time lapse | A series of photographs captured over a period of time. these images can be captured in variable or set time intervals over the course of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, etc. |
dslr (digital single lens reflex) | A single lens reflex (slr) camera that captures digital images. |
xd cards | A small, narrow-profile memory card format designed for use with the smallest digital cameras, pdas, and cell phones that accept additional memory. |
pc sync | A standardized connector for connecting and synchronizing external electronic flash units (strobes) to cameras. |
color management | - A system of coordinating and calibrating the color spaces of digital cameras, scanners, monitors and printers to ensure that the color and tonal values of the image you see on the screen match...
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gps (global positioning system) | A technology for establishing the location of earth-based objects, using coordinates obtained by orbiting satellites. these coordinates can be embedded into the headers of digital images as accura... |
non-lossy (aka lossless) | A term that refers to data compression techniques that do not remove image data details, to achieve compression. this method is generally less effective than lossy methods in terms of reducing fil... |
f-stop (aperture) | A term used to describe the aperture, or diaphragm opening of a lens. f-stops are defined numerically: f/1.4, f/5.6, f/22, etc. larger, or wider apertures, allow more light to enter the lens, whic... |
aps-c (apsc) | A term used to describe the size of the digital imaging sensors used in almost all compact dslrs. the name is derived from the aps (advanced photo system) film format that was introduced in 1996 f... |
cmos (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) | A type of imaging sensor, cmos chips are less energy consuming than ccd-type sensors and are the dominant imaging technology used in dslrs. although once considered an inferior technology compared... |
non-volatile memory | A type of memory card that retains data when power is turned off. camera memory cards (compactflash, sd, smartmedia, etc.) use non-volatile memory. |
lithium-ion | A type of rechargeable battery that was originally developed for use with camcorders and is now used as a power source for most digital still cameras and camcorders. |
nicad (nickel cadmium ) battery | A type of rechargeable battery, the nicad battery was one of the first successful rechargeable batteries used in small electronics, such as digital cameras. |
icc profile (international color consortium profile) | A universally recognized color-management standard for specifying the color attributes of digital imaging devices (scanners, digital cameras, monitors, and printers) to maintain accurate color con... |
adobe rgb (adobe rgb 1998) | A widely accepted color space that encompasses a wider range of color than the more commonly used srgb color space. adobe rgb is the preferred color space for images intended for prepress applicat... |
ccd, linear | Aka scanner-type ccd, linear ccds are long, thin sensors that capture an image by recording a vast number of individual "exposures" while scanning across the picture frame. these are bes... |
1080p | Also known as “full-hd,” 1080p is a shorthand term for video recorded at 1920 lines of horizontal resolution and 1080 lines of vertical resolution, and optimized for 16:9 format playback. the “p” ... |
af servo | Also known as continuous focus, af servo is maintained by partially pressing the camera`s shutter release button, which enables you to maintain focus continuously on a moving subject as the subjec... |
anti-shake (image stabilization) | Also known as image stabilization (is), vibration reduction (vr), or simply image stabilization, anti-shake technology is a method of reducing the effects of camera movement on the photographic im... |
focal length magnifier | Also known as magnification factor or crop factor, this term is used to describe the angle of view (aov) of a lens used on a dslr in relation to how it would appear on a full-frame 35mm camera. as... |
oled (organic light emitting diode) | An advanced form of led that does not require backlighting, the oled displays denser blacks and higher contrast compared to standard lcds, and can be manufactured with thinner profiles than standa... |
aspherical surface | An aspherical lens surface possesses more than one radius of curvature, which allows for the correction of lens aberrations that are common in simpler lens designs. sharper definition toward the e... |
electronic viewfinder (evf) | An electronic viewfinder digitally replicates the field of view of the area captured by the camera lens. while once considered a poor replacement for optical viewfinders, newer evfs containing a m... |
bokeh | - An english transliteration of a japanese word that means “haze” or “blur.” pronounced boh-keh, it refers to the out-of-focus areas in a photograph with limited depth of field, particularly aro...
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awb (auto white balance) | An in-camera function that automatically adjusts the chromatic balance of the scene to a neutral setting, regardless of the color characteristics of the ambient light source. for more on this subj... |
pincushion distortion | - An optical distortion, common in less expensive lenses, where parallel lines on the horizontal or vertical plane bow inward. pincushion distortion is the opposite of barrel distortion.
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aps-h (apsh) | Aps-h format imaging sensors (1.3x) are smaller than full-frame (24 x 36mm) imaging sensors but larger than aps-c (1.5x) imaging sensors. although currently only available in canon’s high-speed 1d... |
average metering | Average metering takes all of the light values for a given scene—highlights, shadows, and mid-tones—and averages them together to establish an overall exposure. average metering is best used for f... |
cmyk color (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) | Cmyk is the color space used for commercial offset printing. cmyk is also a common working color space for inkjet, laser, dye-sublimation, and wax thermal printers. |
exif (exchangeable image file) | Commonly used header format for storing metadata (e.g. camera/lens/exposure information, time/date/, etc.) within digital image files. |
png (portable network graphics) | Developed as a patent-free alternative to gif, this format is used for lossless compression for purposes of displaying images on the world wide web. adopted by the www consortium as a replacement ... |
micro drive | Developed by ibm, micro drives are one of the original types of digital memory cards for digital cameras. essentially small hard drives, micro drives have given way to solid-state compact flash ca... |
dye-sublimation printer | Dye-sublimation printers, or "dye-sub" printers, are a type of digital photo printer. unlike inkjet printers, which spray fine droplets of ink on the print surface, dye-sub printers empl... |
effective pixels | Effective pixels is a measurement of the number of pixels that actively record the photographic image within a sensor. as an example, a camera might hold a sensor containing 10.5 megapixels, but t... |
sd card (secure digital) | Far smaller than compactflash (cf) cards, secure digital memory cards have enabled camera manufacturers to further reduce the size of digital cameras. they are also commonly found in cell phones, ... |
iso (international organization for standardization) | Film speed rating expressed as a number indicating an image sensor’s (or film`s) sensitivity to light. the higher the number, the more sensitive and faster the sensor (or film) is. although tradit... |
flash sync | - Flash sync is used to describe either the connection point where you plug an external electronic flash into your camera (usually a pc port or the camera`s hot shoe), or the fastest shutter spe...
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fringing | Fringing, commonly associated with less expensive lenses, describes the “bleeding” of color along the edges of high-contrast portions of a digital image. fringing often shows up as cyan blurring o... растрепывание; явление; |
absolute resolution | Image resolution as expressed in horizontal and vertical pixel count (e.g., 1600 x 1200 pixels is the absolute resolution, and is also expressed as 2.1 megapixels (mp), having more than 2,000,000 ... |
memory card | - In digital photography, a memory card is a removable device used in digital cameras to store the image data captured by the camera. there are several different types of memory cards available ...
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image stabilization (see anti shake) | Inkjet |
interlaced scan | Interlaced video is a commonly used video capture technique in which the imagery consists of two fields of data captured a frame apart and played back in a manner that reproduces motion in a natur... |
depth of field (dof) | Literally, the measure of how much of the background and foreground area before and beyond your subject is in focus. depth of field can be increased by stopping the lens down to smaller apertures.... |
raw files | Many pro and semi-pro digital cameras include the option for capturing raw files, which—unlike jpegs, tiffs, and other file formats—contain all of the data captured during the exposure in an unedi... |
micro lenses | Micro lenses are commonly mounted on the tops of the light-gathering portion of pixels (aka photons) and are often angled along the edges of camera sensors to capture and redirect light back into ... |
pc card (pcmcia card) | Pc cards are about the size of a credit card and were developed to be a standard for hardware capability, expanding devices. pcmcia cards provide an easy way to transfer photos from the camera to ... |
dark current (aka noise) | Pixels collect signal charges in the absence of light over time, which can vary from pixel to pixel. the result is known as dark current, or more commonly, noise. |
dpi (dots per inch) | Printing term for resolution. also referred to as ppi (pixels per inch) when describing monitor resolution. the higher the ppi/dpi, the higher the resolution of the resulting image will be. for vi... |
gui (graphical user interface) | Pronounced "goo-ey." refers to a program interface that takes advantage of the computer`s graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use. |
racking focus | Racking focus is the technique of directing the attention of the viewer of video footage by shifting the focus of the lens from a subject in the foreground to a subject in the background, or vice ... |
field monitor | Ranging in size from a few inches to about a foot diagonally, field monitors serve as a highly accurate alternative to the smaller viewing screens found on most video cameras and camcorders, assis... |
rgb color (red green blue) | Rgb is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors for representation and display as images on computers and ... |
continuous focus | See af servo |
amoled (active-matrix organic light emitting diode) | See oled |
720p | Shorthand term used to describe an hd signal format that has a 16:9 aspect ratio, 1280 x 720 resolution, and progressive frame rates. the major hdtv broadcasting standard is 60 (59.94) frames per ... |
1080i | Similar to 1080p video, the “i” stands for “interlaced,” which differs from 1080p (progressive) video in that each frame contains two fields of data (but typically has double the frame rate). whil... |
thumbnails | Small, contact sheet-sized image files used to reference or edit digital images. the images that appear on a camera`s lcd are thumbnail images of the larger file. |
blocked shadows | Term for lack of, or loss of, shadow detail in a photographic image, usually the result of underexposure or images captured by a lower resolution (and less dynamic) imaging sensor. although lost s... |
batch scan | The ability to scan and process more than one image in a single action. batch scanning is only recommended if all of the images being scanned or corrected are equal in tonal values. |
remote capture | The ability to trip the camera shutter from a distance using a cable release or wireless transmitter / transceiver. |
a-d converter | The a-d converter converts the analog signal that is emitted from the image sensor into a digital signal. |