Глоссарий терминов в оптике, очковой моде, линзах, диагностическом и торговом оборудовании для салонов, лабораторий и магазинов оптики.
| abbe value | A measure of the degree to which light is dispersed when entering a lens. the average range is 20 to 60. a lower abbe value causes greater dispersion of light resulting in chromatic aberration (co... |
| accommodative vergence | A convergence response (to turn the eyes inward) which occurs as a direct result of accommodation (eye focusing). achromatism- the ability of the eye to adjust the focal power to see objects at di... |
| acuity | - The ability to respond to faint sense impressions or to distinguish light differences between stimuli. adaptation/adaptive process – the maneuvers (conscious or unconscious, automatic or volun...
острота; neural acuity; |
| adduction | - Inward movement of the eye medially.
- The movement of a part of the body towards the midline or towards a neighbouring part. compare abduction. see illustration at anatomical terms i...
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| adjustable nose pads | Type of bridge that consists of small pads made of plastic or silicone to help prevent slippage and aid in evenly distributing weight of glasses on bridge of the nose. |
| afferent fibers | Nerve fibers which carry impulses from the organs to the nerve centers. |
| after-image phenomenon | Ability of the eye to retain sight of an image during eye blinks. the most common example is seeing light after the flash of a camera. |
| against motion | Objects sighted through convex (plus) lenses move in an opposite (against) direction as the convex lenses are moved from side to side. |
| air tempering | The strengthening of a lens as a result of cooling a heated lens. |
| albinism | - Pigmentation is deficient or absent. may occur in skin, hair, and eyes. ocular albinism is a pigmentation deficiency occurring mainly in the eyes. individuals with albinism including ocular al...
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| ametropia | - Eye disorders that prevent a clear image from forming on the retina (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism). amblyopia exanopsia (lazy eye) – uncorrectable blurred vision due to a lack of use; the vi...
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| analytical examination | A 21-point optometric examination. each point is a measurement of performance of a visual behavior pattern. these measurements, made through the application of prism and sphere, show the absorptio... |
| aniseikonia | The image of an object as seen by one eye is different in size and shape from the other one. анизейкония; |
| anisometropia | - Unequal different refractive errors of the two eyes. annealing - the heating of a material to a sufficiently high temperature with subsequent controlled cooling to relieve any internal stress ...
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| anterior segment | The space in front of the iris and behind the cornea, which includes cornea, conjunctiva, iris, lens and aqueous humor. |
| antimetropia | One eye myopic (near sighted), the other hyperopic (far sighted). |
| anti-reflective coating | A multi-layer thin coating applied to the lens surface to reduce the amount of reflection from the lens and increase light transmission. |
| aphakia | - A condition caused by the removal of the crystalline lens most often due to cataracts.
- The absence of the crystalline lens in the eye
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| aqueous humor | A clear watery liquid in the chamber of the eye that flows between the cornea and the crystalline lens and nourishes both; secreted by the ciliary processes. |
| ar stack | Combined layers making up an ar coating (usually five or more). composition of layers can vary between ar coaters. |
| asepsis | - Free from, absence of infection or infectious material.
- The absence of microorganisms which cause infection, usually achieved by sterilisation
- Sterile state resulting fro...
асептика; |
| aspheric | A lens that is not spherical. the lens surface is marked by a variety of elliptically changing curvatures. an aspheric design allows a lens to be much flatter without compromising the optics of th... |
| aspheric compensation of power | Power is compensated in each area of the lens by applying aspheric principles. |
| asthenopia | - Symptoms of “eye-strain” including headaches, tearing, itching, burning, and blurred vision.
- Same as eyestrain
астенопия; |
| asymmetrical design | A lens design that has contour line patterns positioned differently into the nasal and temporal area to produce a right and left lens design. this is eye specific so the lens can not be rotated to... |
| atoric lens | Lens with astigmatic power in which at least one principal meridian is not spherical. |
| automated refractor | This method determines the eye’s refractive error and the best corrective lenses to be prescribed by using a computerized device that varies its optical power mechanically and prints out the resul... |
| axis aligner plier | Any device used for aligning a cylinder axis of a spectacle lens at its proper angle. |
| axis cylinder | That principal meridian which contains only the spherical power component of a sphero-cylinder lens. axis will intersect a spherical lens of minus power at its thinnest point and a spherical plus ... |
| axis indicator of lensometer | A device in which a scale from 0? to 180? can be aligned to give the axis of cylinder power on a spectacle lens. b “b” box measurement – in lens measurement, the longest vertical distance from the... |
| balance lens | A lens placed in a frame which looks like the lens for the opposite eye to balance cosmetics; similar in thickness and style with no specific rx power. |
| barium glass | Commonly used for a type of crown glass, one of the ingredients is barium oxide added for the purpose of increasing refractive index, while maintaining relatively low dispersion. barrel - (bbl) – ... |
| baryta glass | A type of glass containing lead for increasing the index together with barium to increase refractive index, while maintaining a relatively low dispersion. |
| base curve | The singular dioptric curve on the front surface of a lens. this curve is generally in place when the lens blank is manufactured and as such will control the selection of back curves necessary to ... |
| basic formula | The subjective; it is the lens power that alters the light rays entering an eye and causes a change in the focusing mechanism in the greatest degree without causing a subjectively detected alterat... |
| baume gauge | Used to check the specific gravity of a polishing solution. |
| bevel edger | A machine by which an uncut lens is given a bevel on its edge by a special lens grinding wheel. bi-centric grinding (slab off) – the process of grinding base up prism to correct vertical imbalance... |
| biconcave | A lens style where both front and back surfaces are minus (concave). двояковогнутый; |
| biconvex | A lens style where both the front and back surfaces are plus (convex). двояковыпуклый; |
| bifocal | A lens with two focal points, one for distance vision and one for near. regular bifocals have a line between the prescriptions; progressive bifocals change gradually from the near to far prescript... |
| binocular pd | The single measured distance from pupil center to pupil center. binocular (binocularity) vision – the blending of the separate images by each eye into a single image; allows images to be seen with... |
| bi-ocularity | Using both eyes, but not together as a team. |
| birefrigence | Type of lens aberration that is induced during the manufacturing process which results in chromatic aberration. a rainbow-like effect (sometimes called newton rings). |
| bitoric lens | A lens, both surfaces of which are ground and polished, in toric or cylindrical form. blank, molded – a lens blank that is unfinished on both sides when it arrives from the lens factory. blank, se... |
| bleach | A process to remove the tint from a dyed lens. выщелачивать; отбеливать; отбелка; |
| blended bifocals | A round style bifocal type lens designed so that there is no discernable line of demarcation between the distance portion and the reading portion. the blended area is visually nonusable. |
| blended myo-disc | Lenses have a full field curved or plano front surface with a high minus bowl-shaped surface on the ocular side surrounded by a plano surface called a carrier. |
| blepharitis | - A condition that describes an inflammation of the eyelid margins characterized by a sticky crust that forms on the eyelids.
- Inflammation of the eyelid
- Inflammation of the...
блефарит; |
| blinding glare | Reflected glare caused by light reflected off smooth, shiny surfaces blocking vision. |
| blue blockers | An orange colored tint formulated to block out ultraviolet radiation and reduce blue light which may be harmful to the eye. |
| blue blur | The condition of unclear vision due to the scattered blue light in the visible spectrum. |
| bony orbit | Either of two bony cavities in the skull containing an eye and its external structures; an eye socket. |
| box measurement | The measurement of a lens or frame by incorporating it within a square and then measuring the horizontal and vertical in millimeters. |
| break point | The point at which a person can no longer fuse (unite) two images into one. a blur point will occur before this point. |
| brow-bar | A plastic or metal piece attached to the upper eyewire of a frame front to position the frame away from the wearer’s brow or to add stability to the frame design. |
| build-up pads | Plastic pads that are cemented to the bridge section of the eyewire to reduce the bridge size and raise the frame front. c |
| c measurement | The circumference of a lens. |
| cable temple | An earpiece of metal, plastic, or combination thereof, with the portion in contact with the ear consisting of wound wire, with or without a core. this portion is typically bent in the shape of a s... |
| calipers | A hand-held mechanical measuring instrument in the form of pliers, having two legs or jaws that can be adjusted to determine thickness, diameter, caliber, and/or distance between surfaces. caliper... |
| canthus | - The angle formed by the juncture of the eyelids.
- A corner of the eye canula canula
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| carrier lens | The major portion of a lens that has a differing power component cemented or fused to it, creating the combined lens power. |
| cataract lens | Lenses used to correct vision after cataract surgery. |
| cellulose acetate | - Common material used to make frame parts. also referred to as “zyl”.
- A material of the ester family derived by conversion of cellulose; used in the production of synthetic lacquers,...
acetate fiber; |
| cemented segment | An added power ophthalmic lens bound, usually by epoxy resin, to a carrier. |
| center of rotation | - The imaginary point around which the eyeball pivots when moved.
- Центр вращения center text within controlвыравнивание текста внутри элемента управления по центру
- The poin...
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| center thickness | The front-to-back measurement of a lens at its optical or geometric center; usually expressed in 0.1 mm using a caliper. |
| central retinal artery | The blood vessel that carries blood into the eye; supplies nutrition to the retina. |
| central retinal vein | The blood vessel that carries blood away from the retina. |
| cerium | An oxide compound used for polishing a lens surface. церий; |
| chalazion | - A small and frequently painful cyst of the eyelid resulting from a blocked meibomian gland.
- Same as meibomian cyst
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| chamfering | - Use of a tool to remove all residual lens material when drilling a hole.
- Снятие фасок; срез кромок (в сапр)
скашивание; закругление кромок; |
| chassis | - The metal eyewire and bridge components of a combination front that holds the lenses. chemical hardening (tempering) – a chemical process by which the lens is strengthened by timed treatment i...
marco .; armazón; undercarriage; |
| chuck | - A padded metal or plastic circular piece used to support a lens during the edging process.
- A device with adjustable jaws used for centering and holding a cutting bit, drill bit, etc...
зажимной патрон; зажим; патрон; |
| ciliary muscles | A band of muscle and fibers that are attached to the lens that controls the shape of the lens and allows the lens to accommodate (change focus). |
| ciliary processes | - The extensions or projections of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor.
- The ridges behind the iris to which the lens of the eye is attached
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| clip-on | An apparatus that holds two lenses (usually colored) to filter different light wavelengths. a piece attached to a frame. |
| colmascope | A device which through use of polarized light, demonstrates strain existing in a piece of lens material. |
