Глоссарий терминов в оптике, очковой моде, линзах, диагностическом и торговом оборудовании для салонов, лабораторий и магазинов оптики.
| eye lids | Movable folds of tissue that protect the eye from injury, excessive light, and distribute the tear film over the cornea and conjunctiva. |
| eye piece of lensometer | The telescopic portion of the instrument that can be focused to the individual eye’s error in order to see the adjustment of the power wheel. |
| eye size | Size of lens hole measured with a millimeter ruler on a frame from edge to edge to inside frame. |
| eye tracking | The ability of the eyes to smoothly and effortlessly follow a moving target. |
| eyewire | The part of the frame that encircles the lens and holds it in place. f |
| face form | The gentle wrap of a frame front necessary to parallel the roundness of the head. |
| faceted lens | Prescription lenses fabricated with highly polished and beveled edges. |
| factory coating | Coatings applied to large batches of lenses where the rx is already established on the lens. |
| far point | That point upon the visual axis of the eye which is sharply imaged on the retina when the accommodation is relaxed. the far point of a normal eye lies at infinity. |
| fd trifocal | Traditional near flat top segment positioned on a full lower portion intermediate lens. |
| fine motor skills | The ability to coordinate hand and finger movements. |
| fining | The grinding procedure yielding a satin smooth finish immediately prior to the polishing stage of lens surface. |
| finished uncut lens | An ophthalmic lens that has been ground and polished on both sides to a specific prescription power and thickness; has been edged rendered impact resistant, if necessary, and prepared for insertio... |
| fitting cross | The location on a progressive addition lens that is normally fit in front of the pupil center; denoted by two ? inch lines crossed at right angles to each other on a lens layout chart. it is usual... |
| fitting triangle | In spectacle optics, a geometric construction from the three points where spectacles contact or put pressure against the head. the apex of the triangle is the pressure point on the crest of the no... |
| flash mirror | A highly reflective coating on lenses that is added for both cosmetic and performance reasons. |
| flat-top bifocal | A type of multifocal in which the segment is flat on top. also know as a “d” seg or straight top. |
| flint glass | A glass to which lead has been added resulting in both higher index and dispersion. |
| fluorescein angiography | A test to examine blood vessels in the retina, choroids and iris. a special dye is injected into a vein in the arm and pictures are taken as the dye passes through blood vessels in the eye. |
| focimeter | An optical instrument for determining vertex power, axis location, optical center, errorfree point, and prism power at any given point on an ophthalmic lens; also called lensometer or vertometer.<... |
| form constancy | The ability to recognize two objects that have the same shape but different size or position. this ability is needed to tell the difference between “b” and “d”, “p” and “q”, “m” and “w”. |
| form fit bridge | The nasal bearing surface consisting of two pads and a connecting strap or one solid piece of plastic made of clear acrylic or silicone based material. |
| franklin bifocal | The initial multifocal lens made by uniting the upper half of a distance power lens and the lower half of a near power lens in one frame; the two half lenses are independent of each other. |
| fresnel prism | A series of narrow prisms molded into one piece of soft plastic that has the effect of one prism. these prisms are cut and applied directly to the lens surface. they are an alternative when prism ... |
| frosted lens | A translucent lens surface that allows light to enter the eye without crisp, sharp optics. |
| full field lens | Lens in which the zone of the prescription optics extends to the edge of the lens. fused segment - is produced by imbedding a piece of glass of greater density into a crown lens. generally, the se... |
| fusing | - The uniting of two pieces of lens material by means of high temperature.
- Слияние
- 1. melting. 2. uniting, as by melting together.
слияние; |
| fusion test | Determines the eyes ability to unite the images from each eye into a single image. |
| fusional vergence | A convergence response which serves to maintain (fusion) the union of images from each eye into a single image. the eyes will turn with a slow smooth tonic movement or a fast jumping movement call... |
| generating | A rapid roughing process to quickly remove material from a lens. accomplished by cutting tools on a machine. generator, free-form – a type of computercontrolled generator with at least three axes ... зацепления; генерирование; |
| geometric center | (1) the point of a lens that is midway between the top, bottom, nasal and temporal edges. this point is most always different from the ground optical center; (2) the intersection of the horizontal... |
| ghost image | - In spectacle optics, an unwanted secondary image formed by internal reflections from the rear or by reflection from the anterior surface of the cornea and a second reflection from the ocular (...
фантомное изображение; побочное изображение; паразитное изображение;; |
| glass beads | Small balls of glass used in a frame warmer to provide an even, constant heat to the frame. |
| gonioscope | - A magnifying device used in combination with strong illumination and a contact lens for examining the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye.
- A lens for measuring the angle of the...
|
| gradient mirrors | Primarily used for driving or reading outdoors. this mirror helps reflect the intensity of the sun above while leaving a slight lighter area below for better visability of the dashboard or reading... |
| half eye | A frame designed in such a manner that the wearer may look over the top using natural vision for distance and the correction on the bottom for close vision. |
| hand stone | A rotating wheel composed of a material than can grind a lens and not chip it using the stone and applying a lens edge to its surface. |
| hard design | A progressive lens design typically having large clear distance and reading zones. in order to create these distinct areas, all of the unwanted surface astigmatism is forced to the periphery. the ... |
| hard resin | A thermostat resin material from which plastic lenses are cast. also referred to cr-39 or plastic. |
| hemianopsia | Blindness of half the visual field of one or both eyes. |
| heterophoria | - Tendency of the eyes to deviate from their normal position of visual alignment. a muscular imbalance exists; however, a person can overcome it and still maintain approximately normal single bi...
|
| heterotropia | - The eyes are abnormally turned.
- Same as strabismus
|
| hex nut | A small hexagon nut used on the end of a post or screw in order to retain a lens in a frame or frame parts together. |
| hidden hinge | An imbedded hinge anchoring device which allows elimination of shields. |
| hide-a-bevel | A specific type of bevel used for cosmetic appearance. it is a flatter bevel generally used on strong minus lenses. |
| high index lens | Lens with a refractive index greater than 1.57 made from this material with more efficient light-bending ability (high index of refraction) than hard resin or crown glass. the result is a thinner,... |
| horizontal meridian | The 180? meridian on a cylindrical surface. |
| hydrophobic coating | The top layer of modern coatings designed to repel oils and dirt and other debris on the lens surface. it provides smudge resistance, cleanability, and surface durability. |
| hypermetropia | - Refractive error or optical defect of the eye in which parallel rays of light, as from a distant light source, strike the retina before coming to a focus.
- A condition in which someo...
дальнозоркость; |
| hyperopia | - Farsightedness; the ability to see distant objects more clearly than close objects; may be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
- Same as hypermetropia
- See farsightedn...
дальнозоркость; farsightedness; |
| hyperphoria | A tendency of one eye to turn above the other eye, causing eyestrain. sometimes improved by prism ground in lenses. |
| hypertrophia | One eye is actually turned above the other. |
| hypotropia | - Downward deviation of one eye. i
- A form of squint where one eye looks downwards
|
| image jump | The apparent sudden displacement of an object that occurs when the fixation axis passes abruptly from one viewing area of a nonprogressive multifocal lens to another. this may be exaggerated in hi... |
| in chamber | The action or application takes place inside the vacuum chamber during coating application process. |
| in situ | - Latin for “in the situation.” allows wearer to wear frame as they would wear it normally before making lens measurements.
- In place, as in cast-in-place concrete.
- На месте...
на месте; |
| incident ray | A ray of light is said to be an incident ray before it strikes a lens or prism. after passing through the lens or prism, the ray is said to be the emergent ray, or the refracted ray. |
| induced prism | The prism power created when the optical center of a lens is out of coincidence with the wearer’s visual axes, or when the visual axes intersects any point on a lens with refractive power, away fr... |
| in-mass photochromic | Lenses in which the photochromic material is dispersed evenly throughout the substrate. |
| intermediate seg | The middle lens in a trifocal set for a focus shorter than distance but longer than near. the usual focus is half the bifocal power, which allows the wearer to focus at arm’s length. |
| interpupillary distance | The linear distance between fixation axis of the wearer’s eye or centers of the pupil with eyes focused at distance. |
| interval of sturm | Separation between two focal lines of an astigmatic image. intraocular lens (iol) – a synthetic lens implanted after cataract surgery to replace the damaged crystalline lens. intraocular pressure ... |
| inverted image | Visual impression of an object as formed by a lens or mirror, in which the upper and lower portions of the image appear as exchanged. |
| iostropic | Having equal refractive power (index of refraction) in all directions. j |
| iritis | - Inflammation of the iris.
- Inflammation of the iris
|
| isochromatic | Possessing the same color throughout. |
| isocoria | Equally in size of the two pupils. |
| jaeger test | Measurement of visual acuity at the reading distance. k |
| keratometer | - An instrument used to measure the curves of the cornea; also known as an ophthalmometer.
- An instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea
кератометр; |
| keratometry | - Measurement of the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea.
- The process of measuring the curvature of the cornea
кератометрия; |
| keyhole bridge | A bridge design for a front that does not permit continuous contact between the nose and the front in the nasal crest area. resembles an keyhole with a circular arc at the top of the opening in an... |
| kryptok | A fused lens with a round top bifocal 22 mm in diameter. l |
| lacrimal gland | - The small almond-shaped structure that produces tears; located just above the outer corner of the eye.
- A gland beneath the upper eyelid which secretes tears. also called tear gland<...
слезная железа; |
| lacrimation | - Product of tears.
- The production of tears
|
| lag of accommodation | A measure of the eye’s ability to focus accurately on a given target. the dioptric difference between the eye’s focusing response and the stimulus to focus. |
| laminated lens | A lens formed by two or more layers of refracting material firmly joined together for special optical or safety purposes. |
| laser engravings | Etchings or engravings on progressive lenses to denote the position of the fitting cross, add power, etc. |
