Сухие строительные смеси – это заранее подготовленные составы, главным образом состоящие из цемента, песка, добавок и модификаторов, которые становятся готовыми для использования после смешивания с водой. Для правильного перевода инструкций для смесей важно понимать основные технические термины.
| matchboard | A board that has a groove cut into one edge and a tongue cut into the other so they fit tightly together. |
| slag, ground | A by-product of iron mills, ground to a fine powder and used as a cementitious material in concrete. also known as ground granulated blast-furnace slag. |
| damp-proof course (dpc) | A continuous physical or chemical barrier to prevent capillary movement of water in walls. |
| string course | A course of brickwork that projects beyond the face of an external wall |
| bush-hammer finish | A decorative finish on concrete obtained by chipping off the surface mortar. |
| initial set | - A degree of stiffening of concrete, less than final set, such that it will support a weight to an established level, e.g., the weight of a finisher standing on a concrete slab. see final set.<...
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| safety data sheet (msds) | A document providing information on a product’s potential safety or environmental hazards and precautionary measures for those who use the product. |
| mineral admixture | A fine powdered material such as fly ash or slag cement which may be used to improve the workability, strength or durability characteristics of concrete, also called supplementary cementing materi... |
| dry rot (serpula lacrymans) | A fungus that can cause serious damage to a property by attacking structural timbers. flourishes in moist, damp, poorly ventilated areas, which is able to grow through masonry. |
| slump meter | A gauge on the hydraulic system of the truck mixer which measures the approximate slump of the concrete in the revolving drum. |
| darby | A hand-held straightedge, 3 to 8 ft. (1 to 2.5 m) long, used to smooth and level concrete in the early stage of finishing. |
| homebuyer’s report or survey | A homebuyer’s survey includes more detail than a mortgage valuation but doesn’t include as much detail as a full structural survey. the report will tell you about any major problems with the build... |
| oversite | A layer of concrete below a timber ground floor above the external ground level. |
| bressumer | A lintel, often timber, over an opening such as a fireplace or bay. |
| waterbar | A material inserted in a joint to prevent the passage of water. |
| flaunching | A mortar weathering on the top of a chimney stack surrounding the base of the chimney pots to throw off the rain and thus prevent it from saturating the stack. |
| rebound hammer | A non-destructive testing device used to quickly estimate the in-place compressive strength of hardened concrete. |
| managing agent | A professional or company responsible under an agency agreement for the maintenance and management of a property. |
| barrel of cement | A quantity of portland cement equal to 4 bags or 376 lb. (170 kg). |
| bag of cement | A quantity of portland cement equivalent to a loose cubic foot of the bulk material; equals 94 lb. (42.6 kg) in the united states. also called sack of cement. |
| water-cement ratio | A ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement, in concrete, expressed as a decimal, e.g., 0.45. |
| mansard | A roof made with slopes of different pitches, usually providing an upper floor of useable space within a roof structure. |
| balanced flue | A room sealed pipe or tube fitted to a gas appliance that lets the fumes escape. |
| rough cast | A rough render finish to external walls. |
| flanked wall | A side wall. |
| cement, expansive | A special cement, which causes concrete to expand slightly, rather than shrink, at an early age. |
| ridge tile | A specially shaped angular or half round tile for covering and making weather-tight the ridge of a roof. |
| sand streaks | A streak of exposed sand in a formed concrete surface, often due to inadequate mixing of the concrete |
| cylinder, concrete | A strength test specimen. molded by placing concrete in a plastic, metal, or cardboard mold, which is usually two times its diameter in height. in the united states, 6 x 12 inch (150 x 300 mm) or ... |
| structural survey | A survey of the condition of a property conducted by a qualified surveyor, detailing whether or not the property is structurally sound, as well as any defects that may require work to be undertake... |
| combination boiler | A type of boiler that give you heating and hot water on demand, without using hot and cold-water tanks. |
| silica fume | A very fine powdered material with particles about 100 times smaller than portland cement particles. used for making high strength, low permeability concrete. |
| sedimentation pit (or pond) | A washout pit or series of pits, often with separate chambers or basins, designed to allow solids to settle out of concrete wash water. sedimentation pits may be concrete lined structures or earth... |
| high-range-water-reducing admixture | A water reducing admixture that markedly increases the slump of fresh concrete and greatly enhances its flowability. also called a superplasticizer. |
| cement fillet | A weatherproofing joint between roof slopes and abutting brickwork such as walls or chimneys. |
| georgia buggy | A wheeled hand or motor-driven cart, usually rubber tired, for transporting small quantities of concrete from hoppers or mixers to forms. |
| lightweight aggregates | Aggregate of low density such as expanded clay or shale, slag, pumice, etc. used for making lightweight concrete. |
| entrapped air | Air voids in concrete which are not purposely entrained. entrapped air voids are larger than entrained air bubbles and offer little protection from freeze/thaw cycles. they often result from incom... |
| air-entraining agent | An admixture which causes microscopic air bubbles to be incorporated in the concrete during mixing. usually to increase its workability and freeze/thaw resistance. |
| concrete plant manufacturers bureau (cpmb) | An organization of concrete plant manufacturers that publishes standards for concrete plants. most concrete plants have a cpmb rating plate showing its maximum rated load size. |
| american concrete institute (aci) | An organization responsible for writing and publishing codes and standards and guidance documents for concrete construction. |
| american society for testing and materials (astm) | An organization that writes and publishes test methods and standard specifications for a wide variety of materials. |
| specialist render | Applied coats using sand: cement mix which include plasticisers or other approved additives. |
| fruiting body | Associated with dry rot. pancake or bracket shaped, the centre is normally yellow when young but darkens to rusty red when it matures owing to spores. |
| free lime | Calcium hydroxide (free lime) is a soluble form of lime which is created by portland cement. free lime is deposited on the new construction where water flow over cementitious materials. |
| cement, high-early strength | Cement characterized by producing higher early strength in concrete than regular cement. called type ill in the united states. |
| hygrosocopic salts | Chlorides and nitrates which are generally deposited in walls as a result of rising / penetrating damp from the ground and which have the ability to absorb atmospheric moisture. sometimes found on... |
| bs8102:2022 | Code of practice for protection of below ground structures against water from the ground. |
| central mixed concrete | Concrete completely mixed in a stationary mixer and then transported to the jobsite. |
| high-early-strength concrete | Concrete made with a special cement(s) or admixture(s) that reaches a specified strength at an earlier age than normal concrete. |
| concrete, lightweight | Concrete made with lightweight aggregates, typically weighing 75 – 80% as much as normal weight concrete. |
| high-strength concrete | Concrete with a 28-day design strength of 6000 psi (41 mpa or greater). |
| concrete, reinforced | Concrete with embedded steel reinforcing bars |
| concrete, plain | Concrete without any steel reinforcing bars. |
| iso:14001:2015 | Environmental management system; this is a set of standards relating to environmental management, created to help companies minimise how their operations affect the environment. |
| sarking | Felt used as an underlining to a roof. |
| craze cracks | Fine, shallow, random cracks or fissures in a concrete surface. |
| slime moulds | Group of fungi which feed on bacteria within wet wood but fruit on the surface of the wood. |
| entry hole | Hole made by some adult insects to enter and lay eggs within the wood. |
| shiplap | Horizontal external boarding, usually timber or pvc. |
| lock out | Mechanically and/or electronically disabling a piece of equipment so that it cannot start or become energized. see, also, tag out. |
| hypha | Microscopic thread which forms the vegetative part (mycelium) and the reproductive part (fruiting body) of a fungus. |
| capillary moisture | Moisture held in the capillaries of a material and which exerts no positive pressure on the structure. |
| nhbc | National house builder council. the nhbc provide a 10-year insurance policy on the main structure of new properties. |
| woodboring weevils (euophryum confine) | Normally found in decayed softwoods and hardwoods in damp conditions to ground floors. |
| footings | Older, usually shallow, form or foundation of brick or stone |
| truck mixer manufacturer’s bureau (tmmb) | Organization of truck mixer manufacturers that maintains standards for concrete |
| flying freehold | Part of a freehold that overhangs or underlies another e.g. a bedroom or balcony that overhangs a shared passageway. |
| engineering brick | Particularly strong and dense type of brick, often used as a damp-proof course in older buildings. |
| tagout | Placing a tag or notice on a piece of equipment indicating that it is out of service. see locked out. |
| false set | Premature rapid stiffening of fresh concrete. false-setting concrete can usually be remixed without additional water to become workable again. see flash set. |
| flash set | Premature rapid stiffening of fresh concrete. the concrete usually requires remixing with additional water to become workable again. see false set. |
| iso:9001:2015 | Quality management system; this is a set of standards for management practices. it is an internationally recognised standard that businesses and government use. |
| truck mixed concrete | Ready mixed concrete mixed in a truck mixer; also called transit-mixed concrete. |
| shrink-mixed concrete | Ready mixed concrete partially mixed in a plant mixer and then discharged into a truck mixer where its mixing is completed. |
| crack stitching | Repairs and stabilising cracked masonry by means of installing helibars and specialist cementitious grouts. |
| rsj | Rolled steel joist |
