Глоссарий был составлен на основе открытых источников и включает список терминов определений, касающихся улавливания и хранения диоксида углерода.
| carbon credit | A convertible and transferable instrument that allows an organization to benefit financially from an emission reduction. carbon dioxide (co2) углеродный кредит; |
| mineral carbonation | The reaction of carbon dioxide with magnesium and calcium-containing silicate minerals to form geologically stable, environmentally benign carbonate minerals (calcite and magnesite), allowing for ... минеральная карбонизация; |
| injection including | Relative buoyancy of the gas, its subsurface mobility, its corrosivity in the presence of water and the large injection volumes anticipated. the well requirements are designed to protect undergrou... инжекция, включая; |
| regeneration tower | Where the co2 rich amine is heated to separate out the co2 and the amine using low pressure steam. regenerative calcium cycle (rgc) башня регенерации; |
| limnic eruption | Also referred to as lake overturn is a rare natural disaster related to volcanic activity in which dissolved co2 suddenly erupts from deep lake water, suffocating any wildlife, livestock and human... лимническое извержение; |
| advective transport | The transport of a substance by bulk movement of a fluid, such as groundwater, any properties of the substance are carried with it. aiv адвективный перенос; |
| assessment unit | A geological unit with a high petroleum potential (ipcc) asv единица оценки; |
| atr or auto thermal reforming | A process in which the heat for the reaction of ch4 with steam is generated by a partial oxidation of ch4. auv |
| business as usual | When things continue as they always have. c caco3 бизнес как обычно; |
| selection criteria | The favourable characteristics that would make a site preferable to another, all other considerations being equal. failure to meet a selection criterion would not eliminate a site, it will only re... критерии выбора; |
| carbon dioxide sequestration | The fixation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by natural systems such as forests or phytoplankton that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere. in natural systems plants and oceans se... связывание углекислого газа; |
| closure of a storage site | The definitive cessation of co2 injection into that storage site. co закрытие хранилища; |
| enhanced gas recovery | The incremental gas recovery from depleted conventional gas reservoirs. egr is usually achieved by pumping another substance into the reservoir to push out the remaining gas for economic use. co2 ... улучшенная газоотдача; |
| diffusive transport | The net movement of particles from high to low concentration doe диффузионный перенос; |
| gestco | A european research project which determined the geological storage of co2 possibilities in 8 countries (norway, denmark, uk, belgium, netherlands, germany, france and greece) ghg (green house gas... |
| decarbonisation | The removal of carbon. an economy can be decarbonized, meaning it has a minimal output of carbon in the form of ghgs (normally co2) to the environment. in 2015 the g7 industrial nations agreed to ... декарбонизация; |
| international seabed authority | The isa is an autonomous international organization established under the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos), relating to the implementation of part xi of the united nati... международный орган по морскому дну; |
| ccs deployment | Uptake of ccs is far behind the levels necessary for the envisaged global emission reductions , as ccs deployment faces a broad spectrum of barriers in both developed and developing countries, whi... развертывание ccs; |
| lake nyos | Lake nyos, cameroon, west africa was the site of a limnic eruption in 1986, which released 80 million cubic metres of co2 from the lake, killing at least 1700 people. this event is often mistakenl... озеро nyos; |
| lithostatic pressure | The pressure or stress imposed on a layer of soil or rock by the weight of overlying material. loc литостатическое давление; |
| ocean storage | A proposed method whereby co2 is injected into the deep ocean (greater than 1000m depth), where most of it would remain isolated from the atmosphere for centuries. oecd хранение в океане; |
| habitats regulations assessment | Hras are required under the ec birds and habitats directives and the uk habitats regulations. this requirement is separate but related to eia, equal in its significance to consenting requirements.... оценка правил среды обитания; |
| sitechar | A european research project about co2 storage site characterisation, which started in january 2011 and will last 3 years, the sitechar project is examining the technical, economic and societal req... |
| natural underground trap | A geological structure which retains fluids by natural processes. negative co2 emissions естественная подземная ловушка; |
| enhanced weathering | Enhanced weathering is the process by which carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere through the dissolution of silicate minerals on the land surface. (international journal of greenhouse... улучшенное выветривание; |
| injectivity | The rate at which a quantity of fluid can be injected into a well in-situ mineralization инжекция; |
| trap rocks | Rocks, such as shale, which act as walls or ceilings to prevent the movement of gases or fluids; they have been described as the lid on the jar. triple point of co2 ловушки; |
| well injection | The subsurface emplacement of "fluids" through a bored, drilled, or driven "well", or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension (usgs) z zep... инжекция в скважину; |
| demonstration phase | Demonstration phase usually means that the technology is implemented in a pilot project or on a small scale, but not yet economically feasible at full scale. however, because of the nature of co2 ... демонстрационная фаза; |
| unmineable coal bed | Extremely unlikely to be mined under current or foreseeable economic conditions. a coal bed that is unlikely to ever be mined because it is too deep or too thin may be potentially used for co2 sto... неизвлекаемый угольный пласт; |
| trapping, mineral | Co2 rich water sinks to the bottom of the reservoir and reacts to form minerals. trapping, physical ловушка, минерал; |
| london convention | The convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter - adopted at london, mexico city, moscow and washington in 1972. m maop лондонская конвенция; |
| ocean injection | A concept for ocean sequestration in which co2 is injected directly into the mid-or deep ocean waters, where it dissolves into the ocean water). инжекция в океан; |
| eu geocapacity | A european research project to assess the total geological storage capacity in europe for anthropogenic co2 emissions. геоемкость ес; |
| stable geological formation | A formation that has not recently been disturbed by tectonic movement. стабильная геологическая формация; |
| injection zone | A geological "formation," group of formations, or part of a formation receiving fluids through a well. зона инжекции; |
| confining zone | A geological formation, group of formations, or part of a formation, that is capable of limiting fluid movement above an injection zone. ограничительная зона; |
| natural analogue | A natural occurrence that mirrors in most essential elements an intended or actual human activity. in ccs terms natural occurring co2 or other gases (methane mainly) reservoirs from which much can... природный аналог; |
| active project | A project under construction or in operation. an active project can be under construction (execute/execution stage) or in operation (operate/operational stage). in ccs terms an active project mean... активный проект; |
| fugitive emission | A release of gas or vapour from anthropogenic activities such as the processing or transportation of gas or petroleum. g неконтролируемые выбросы; |
| qics project | A scientific research project funded by the natural environment research council of the uk, with support from the scottish government. its purpose was to improve understanding of the sensitivities... проект qics; |
| deep coal seam | A seam that is too deep to be mined economically. deep coal seams may be suitable for co2 injection/storage. co2 is adsorbed to the coal typically replacing methane. this methane can then be recov... глубокий угольный пласт; |
| depleted reservoir | A structure like an oil or gas reservoir where production has ceased or has significantly reduced from past exploitation. истощенный резервуар; |
| absorber tower | A tower or column where flue gas comes into contact with an amine-based chemical absorbent which bonds the flue gas and so removes it from the flue gas. see regeneration tower башня абсорбера; |
| observation well | A well installed to permit the observation of subsurface conditions. also called a monitoring well. наблюдательная скважина; |
| syngas | An abbreviation for synthesis gas, a mixture of co, co2 and h. it is produced by gasification of carbon containing fuel by reaction with steam or oxygen. t синтез-газ; |
| biomonitor | An organism that provides quantitative information on the quality of the environment around it. биомонитор; |
| deep saline aquifer | An underground rock formation deep beneath the surface of the earth that is permeable and contains highly saline fluids, and which may be suitable for storage of co2. the most suitable ccs reservo... глубокий соленый водоносный горизонт; |
| corrective measures | Any measures taken to correct significant irregularities or to close leakages in order to prevent or stop the release of co2 from the storage complex. (ec) корректирующий меры; |
| volatile organic | Any organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical compound (voc) reactions; can be a nationally regulated air pollutant. w летучие органические; |
| more and must be cooled to | Avoid wasting the heat; bring it to grinding temperature; preserve the high-temperature minerals that give cement its strength. больше и должны быть охлаждены до; |
| might include | Bioenergy with ccs, biochar, blue carbon habitat restoration and enhanced weathering. может включать; |
| cemcap | Co2 capture from cement production is a project funded by horizon 2020 addressing co2 capture from cement production. its primary objective is to prepare the ground for large-scale co2 capture in ... |
| trapping, dissolution | Co2 dissolves into surrounding salt water. улавливание, растворение; |
| cement industry emissions | Co2 emissions from the cement industry constitute 5% (or 1.9 gt annually) of global anthropogenic co2 emissions. co2 generation is an inherent part of the cement production process, due to the cal... выбросы цементной промышленности; |
| trapping, adsorption | Co2 is preferentially adsorbed onto coal or organic-rich shales replacing gases such as methane. in these cases, co2 will remain trapped as along as pressures and temperatures remain stable. these... улавливание, адсорбция; |
| flue gas carbon dioxide capture | Co2 is taken out of the gases produced from coal combustion (flue gas). улавливание дымового газа углекислого газа; |
| trapping, residual | Co2 is trapped in rock pores and cannot move. улавливание, остаточное; |
| ospar convention | Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the north-east atlantic, which was adopted at paris on september 22, 1992. (oslo and paris). конвенция ospar; |
| eliminatory criteria | Criteria that are used to assess the suitability of a site for potential storage of co2. there are критерии исключения; |
| amines | Derivatives of ammonia used as solvents in the post combustion co2 capture process to absorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream. the amine is heated to release high purity co2 and the co2-fre... амины; |
| eu sacs | European union saline aquifer carbon dioxide storage programme. |
| connate pore fluids | Fluids that are captured and remain within the pores of sedimentary rocks as they form. коннатные поровые жидкости; |
| soil gas | Gas contained in the space between soil grains. почвенный газ; |
| saline formation | Geological strata where brackish water or brine occupies the tiny spaces between the grains of rock. соленая формация; |
| saline groundwater | Groundwater in which a high quantity of salts is dissolved. соленые грунтовые воды; |
| local hazard | Hazard of local significance such as may affect humans, ecosystems, groundwater. there are two types of локальная опасность; |
| hydrodynamic trap | Hydrodynamic traps are rare. high water saturation of low-permeability sediments reduces hydrocarbon permeability to c lose tor zero. the result is a water block allowing for the accumulation of p... гидродинамическая ловушка; |
| technical potential | In ccs, the amount by which it is possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by implementing a technology or practice that has reached the demonstration phase. технический потенциал; |
| membranes | In ccs, thin sheets of material that can separate carbon dioxide from other gases acting like a sieve. мембраны; |
| regional scale | In geology a feature that crosses an entire basin. региональный масштаб; |
| abandoned well | In the oil and gas industry, a well that is plugged permanently due to reaching its economic viability or because of some technical reason. once abandoned, any tubing will be removed and the wellb... заброшенная скважина; |
| scenario for local leaks | Injection well failures or up abandoned wells, which could create a sudden and rapid release of co2; and leakage through undetected faults, fractures or leaking wells where the escape is more grad... сценарий локальных утечек; |
| iea ghg | International energy agency greenhouse gas r&d program. an international partnership that aims to evaluate technologies for reducing ghg emissions, disseminate the results of these studies, and id... |
| mineralisation | Is a natural form of geologically storing co2 by the very slow reaction between co2 and naturally occurring minerals, such as magnesium silicate, to form the corresponding mineral carbonate. минерализация; |
| leilac | Low emissions intensity lime and cement is a horizons 2020 project developing, building and operating a pilot plant to demonstrate direct separation calcining technology applied to the lime and ce... |
| containment monitoring | Monitoring to ensure the security of a storage operation allowing timely intervention in case of unintended fluid migration, usually as part of a risk-based monitoring plan. мониторинг сдерживания; |
