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Aldehydic
| Парфюмерный глоссарий (на английском языке) |
- Aldehydic comes from the greek phrase “anointing oil”. in perfumery, it refers to a certain fatty fragrance, and can be found in perfumes such as chanel no 5.
- This is often referred to as the “modern” group since at one time the various aliphatic aldehydes used to create this group were actually “modern” in the time sense of the word. basically, an aldehydic fragrance may be one to which aldehydes have been added because of their brilliance and incisive effect. characteristics of all aldehydic fragrances are their brilliant and exciting top note. the classic examples of this would be chanel # 5 and white linen.
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Brilliance, английский
- Яркость
- The clarity, strength, and brightness of a color or varnish.
- The intensity of the white light perceived by the eye when viewing a diamond’s crown, including from external and internal reflections. clarity, polish, proportions, symmetry, and the quality of workmanship are factors that contribute to a diamond’s brilliance.
- Intensity of the internal and external reflections of white light from the crown of a polished diamond or other gemstone. hardness, refractive index, reflectivity, polish, lustre and proportions all affect a gemstone`s brilliance.
- Diamond brilliance is comprised of two components brightness and contrast. it is the sparkle you see when light is reflected from the surface as well as the total internal reflection of light.
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
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Animalic, английский
- Animalic is a term used to describe what would be a bad odor on its own, like a faecal smell. but perfumers have found that, in very small dilutions, and in clever combinations with other ingredients, animalic scents can be quite pleasant. a perfume that
- A term used to describe musky, dirty, skanky notes traditionally derived from animal sources, like musk, civet, and ambergris.
- A broad term used to describe perfumes made with the usage of compounds of animal origin. musk, castoreum and civet are the most popular compounds of animal origin. the vast majority of these animals are now endangered, so the compounds are being replaced by similar synthetic ingredients.
Aldehyde, английский
- An aldehyde is a highly-reactive chemical compound made by oxidizing different alcohols to make resins and organic acids.
- Альдегид. органическое соединение, содержащее группу сно. многие альдегиды ядовиты. неприятный запах выхлопных газов дизельного двигателя обусловлен, вероятно, альдегидами с длинной цепью, образующимися при неполном сгорании топлива, так же как и запах плохо отрегулированных бытовых печей, работающих на нефти.
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