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Chronometer
| Глоссарий морских терминов (рангоут, такелаж, устройство судна) |
- A timekeeper accurate enough to be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation.
- A valuable time-piece fitted with a compensation-balance, adjusted for the accurate measurement of time in all climates, and used by navigators for the determination of the longitude.
- An especially accurate and highly consistent marine timepiece designed to facilitate course-plotting. before the fifteenth century, the only reliable means of navigation was to follow known features on the shore. then acquisition of the compass from china via arabia, and the astrolabe from islam allowed european mariners to calculate their approximate north-south position (latitude) while out of sight of land. however, in the absence of a reliable means of measuring time, their east-west location (longitude) could only be “guesstimated” through a complex process known as dead reckoning. the resultant errors caused numerous shipwrecks. in 1713, the british parliament offered the then immense reward of ?20,000 for any means of determining longitude with an error of less than thirty miles (48 kms) after six weeks at sea. this demanded precise timekeeping to within three seconds per day while pitching and tossing and traveling from frigid arctic to steaming equator; a degree of accuracy which had seldom been achieved by the finest stationary clocks in temperate zones. sixty years later, the prize was won by john harrison, a yorkshire carpenter and selftaught horologist. his first machines were costly, complicated, and delicate; but soon he and pierre le roy of paris (independently) developed more rugged marine timekeepers with all the essential features of a modern chronometer. by then, invention of the sextant had provided a more accurate means of calculating latitude. thus, by the great naval wars of late 18th and early 19th centuries, shipmasters could set out on long voyages with confidence in making an accurate landfall or rendezvous. today, after more than two centuries of use, chronometers are being replaced by electronic timekeepers.
- Хронометр
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Хронометр, русский
- Точные астрономические часы, помещенные в специальные ящики, предохраняющие их от температурных колебаний и внешних вибраций.
- (от хроно ... и ...метр), особо точные переносные часы, ход которых практически не зависит от колебаний температуры, механических вибраций и тяги заводной пружины. применяется, напр., в навигации для хранения времени начального меридиана, что необходимо при определении географической долготы.
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Timekeeper, английский
- Хронометр; хронометражист
- The job of the referee, who keeps track of the official time to notify teams and fans when each period is completed.
- Табельщик (на стройплощадке)
Navigation, английский
- The art and science of conducting a boat safely from one point to another.
- Навигация
- The art and science of conducting a ship safely from one point to another
- Мореходство, судоходство, плавание,
- Судовождение, судоходство
- The art of conducting vessels on the sea, not only by the peculiar knowledge of seamanship in all its intricate details, but also by such a knowledge of the higher branches of nautical astronomy as enables the commander to hit his port, after a long succession of bad weather, and an absence of three or four months from all land. any man without science may navigate the entire canals of great britain, but may be unable to pass from plymouth to guernsey.
- The science or art of planning, ascertaining, and recording the course of a vessel or aircraft; including fixing present and predicting future location, and collision avoidance. the word comes from the sanskrit navagati.
- Навигация; перемещение
- The mechanism used to direct users around a website.
Compensation, английский
- Компенсация
- Changes made in the dimensions of the master artwork/phototool from
- 1. something which makes something else seem less bad or less serious 2. an amount of money or something else given to pay for loss or damage the drugs caused him to develop breathing problems, so he thinks he’s entitled to medical compensation. 3. the act of giving money to pay for loss or damage compensation for loss of a limb 4. a situation where the body helps to correct a problem in a particular organ by making another organ, or the undamaged parts of the same organ, function at a higher level 5. behaviour that emphasises a particular ability or personality characteristic in order to make the lack of another one seem less bad
- N компенсация
- Компенсация возмещение (ремедиум), на которое имеет право страна-член вто в случаях, когда другой член вто нарушает взятые на себя обязательства по предоставлению услуг или облагает товар пошлинами выше связанных ставок таможенного тарифа
- If a detained vessel is lost by the negligence and misconduct of the prize-master, compensation must be rendered, and the actual captors are responsible. the principal being answerable in law for the agent`s acts.
- A group of actions designed to undo or mitigate the effect of a committed transaction.
- Direct or indirect monetary and nonmonentary rewards in exchange for services rendered, or an award for damages sustained by an injury or by the violation of a contract.
- Arrangement under which the delivery of goods to a party is paid for by buying back a certain amount of the product from the recipient of the goods.
- The ways in which speakers may compensate for a lack of language skills and knowledge. see coping strategies.
- Salary and benefits
- Salary and benefits everything that an employee receives for working, including pay and non-monetary benefits
- Compensation is the amount of money that an employee receives in exchange for his or her services. compensation includes wages, salary, bonuses, and other benefits.
- A monetary benefit that is provided by employers to attract and retain qualified workers. compensation can include salary, bonuses, health insurance benefits, paid time off, retirement plans, tuition reimbursement programs, and more.
- Pay structures within an organization. it can be linked to employee appraisal. compensation is effectively managed if performance is measured adequately.
- The total amount of the monetary and non-monetary pay provided to an employee by an employer in return for work performed. this could include things like benefits, car allowance, performance bonus, gym membership, as well as a regular pay cheque.
Measurement, английский
- Set of operations having the object of determining a value of a quantity (1)
- Измерение. система мер.
- Измерение; замер
- The size, length, etc. of something which has been measured
- Измерение
- Обмер
- Оценка
- Измерение dust ~ измерение концентрации пыли
- Измерение. комплекс операций, имеющих целью определение значе-ния величины [32].
- The process of ascertaining the attributes, dimensions, extent, quantity, degree or capacity of some object of observation and representing these in the qualitative or quantitative terms of a data language. any empirical pursuit that places the observer outside his object of observation must consider measurement the fundamental process through which scientific constructs or models are linked to reality (->index, ->symptom). otherwise measurement is only one section in a circular process of computing a stable form. the traditional levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales.
- The magnitude of the property of an object calibrated against one or more units of measure.
- Измерение. комплекс операций, имеющих целью определение значения величины [32].
Navigators, английский
Determination, английский
- Определение; измерение (параметров, величин)
- N детерминация; определение, установление deep content ~ определение глубинного со- держания
- Определение; измерение; вычисление
- Определение ~ of permeability of concrete определение (водо) проницаемости бетона
- Определение. в аналитической химии измерение количества или концентрации одного или нескольких компонентов пробы. 46
- Определение (суда)
Especially, английский
Consistent, английский
Facilitate, английский
Acquisition, английский
- When a firm buys another firm.
- N усвоение; вос- приятие device, grammar, model, process, tongue language ~ усвоение языка; овладение языком critical age of ~ ~ критический период ус- воения языка6 first language ~ овладение родным языком (син. mother tongue ~) second language ~ овладение иностранным языком mother tongue ~ усвоение родного языка (син. first language ~) phonological ~ усвоение фонологии
- Дистанционное управление и сбор данных
- Purchase of an interest in an asset in exchange for consideration paid.
- Приобретение
- A concept contrasted with learning which refers to the unconscious `picking up` of a language with little if any focus on formal instruction or learning.
- An acquired company
- An acquired company a process in which one organization buys another organization
Approximate, английский
- Приблизительный ар-ps ammonium perchlorate-poly- styrene (propellant) полистирол- перхлоратаммониевое ракетное топливо
- Приблизительный
- Приблизительно
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Falkusa, английский
A traditional fishing boat with a lateen sail on a single mast used by fishermen from the town of komiza on the adriatic island of vis.
Carrack (also nau), английский
A three- or four-masted sailing ship used by western europeans in the atlantic ocean from the 15th through the early 17th century.
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