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Admiral popov
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The first of two extraordinary russian warships built in the 1870s to the revolutionary circular design of vice-admiral a. a. popov. the 3,533-ton vessel was completely round, armed with two 12-inch (300 mm) guns in a central circular rotating barbette, a design intended to provide a stable firing platform. she was powered by eight engines driving six propellers. not surprisingly, the ships were unseaworthy and almost unmanageable.
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Admiral, àíãëèéñêèé
- Senior naval officer of flag rank. in ascending order of seniority, rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and (until about 2001 when all uk five-star ranks were discontinued) admiral of the fleet (royal navy). derivation arabic, from amir al-bahr ("ruler of the sea").
- The derivation of this noble title from the greek almyros, from the latin admirabilis, from the saxon aenmereeal, and from the french aumer, appear all fanciful. it is extensively received that the sicilians first adopted it from emir, the sea, of their saracen masters; but it presents a kind of unusual etymological inversion. the term is most frequent in old romance; but the style and title was not used by us until 1286; and in 1294, william de leybourne was designated “amiral de la mer du roy d`angleterre;” six years afterwards viscount narbonne was constituted admiral of france; which dates nearly fix the commencement of the two states as maritime powers.
- A beautiful and rare shell of the genus conus; the varieties are designated the grand-admiral, the vice-admiral, the orange-admiral, and the extra-admiral.
- This term is derived from the arabic amir-al-bahr meaning commander of the sea. the genoese dropped bahr (the word for “sea”) and combined the first two into amiral, which became almirante in spanish and admiral when taken into english. today, an admiral is the senior naval officer commanding a fleet or other large unit and holds fourstar rank, the equivalent of army general. a supreme naval position, titled admiral of the fleet, fleet admiral, or admiral of the navy, is sometimes held by acrostolium 18 the senior flag officer of a naval service and is usually symbolic and honorific, having virtually no more authority than any other admiral.
Admiral of the fleet, àíãëèéñêèé
This british rank probably originated in the middle ages, but the first recorded appointment was in 1690. when the royal navy was divided into three squadrons (see admirals in the royal navy) the admiral of the fleet was supreme commander of the assembled squadrons, each of which was commanded by a full admiral. until 1827 the head of the royal navy was called admiral of the fleet, then the position became first sea lord. the rank was placed in abeyance in 1996, but incumbents nonetheless retain the title for life. see also fleet admiral.
Admiral of the navy, àíãëèéñêèé
This united states navy rank, generally considered to be six-star equivalent, was created specifically for admiral george dewey by act of congress in march 1903, with the proviso that it would exist for his lifetime. the award was retroactive to 1st may 1898 when then commodore dewey fought the battle of manila bay, commanding a fleet of modern armored cruisers which so far outgunned his opponent’s antiquated and decrepit wooden ships that the encounter was more of a slaughter than a battle. dewey died in 1917 and the rank lapsed accordingly.
Admiral) who declared, àíãëèéñêèé
“if the marines are abolished, half the efficiency of the navy will be destroyed.” the practice is ancient. at least five centuries before the current era, fighting men were part of the regular complement of phoenician, persian, and greek warships. later, cohorts of troops, known as classiarii, served in the roman navy. today, most of the world’s marines operate in their traditional roles of preserving discipline on board ship and projecting naval power inland when required. they generally consider themselves to be soldiers who go to sea rather than sailors who fight ashore (see naval infantry). an exception is the united states marine corps which no longer provides detachments to serve in individual warships, but is a fully-integrated, rapid-response, combined-arms service, larger than the total armed forces of many a sovereign state, falling administratively under the navy department, but independent of the naval chain of command.
Admiralitas [atis, f], ëàòèíñêèé
Admirals in the royal navy, àíãëèéñêèé
The first english admiral is believed to have been william de leyburn, appointed by king edward i in 1297 with the title admiral of the sea of the king of england. the subordinate positions of vice and rear admiral were not introduced until the 16th century; initially as appointments to command the white (van) and blue (rear) squadrons rather than official ranks. by 1743, squadrons had become much larger, so each was divided into three sections and for the next sixty-two years there were rear-admirals, vice-admirals, and admirals in each of three colors (see british ensigns). promotion was based on seniority, and the only way to advance was for a vacancy to be created by promotion, death, or resignation. the nine-step flag rank hierarchy was based on a combination of grade and squadron, running from rear-admiral of the blue as the most junior flag officer, to admiral of the red as the senior: rear squadron lead squadron center squadron 1. rear-admiral 2. rear-admiral 3. rear-admiral (blue) (white) (red) 4. vice-admiral 5. vice-admiral 6. vice admiral (blue) (white) (red) 7. admiral 8. admiral 9. admiral (blue) (white) (red) then, as explained by michael lewis in the navy of britain (london, george allen & unwin, 1948), a clerical mistake introduced a tenth grade: the man who commanded the whole also commanded the central—and therefore the most important— squadron, the red.... he was therefore, in practice both admiral of the fleet and admiral of the red. but since it is always a man’s tendency to use the highest title to which he has a right, he almost always called himself by the former name.... the tenth kind of flag officer—admiral of the red as distinct from admiral of the fleet—was only introduced, as the result of an error, in 1805. in 1864, the color-coding was abandoned and the number of flag ranks was reduced to the current three, excluding the now dormant admiral of the fleet.
Admirals in the united states navy, àíãëèéñêèé
Having just overthrown a monarchy, and being imbued with ideals of equality, congress was initially reluctant to introduce the title of admiral which it felt would create an “aristocracy of the sea” unsuitable for a nascent republic. until the huge naval expansion of the civil war there were no flag officers, with captains in command of squadrons being temporarily awarded the courtesy title of commodore. permanent commodores (1-star) and rear admirals (2-stars) were introduced in 1862, followed by vice admirals (3-stars) in 1864, and full admirals (4-stars) in 1866. in 1891, however, the two senior ranks were allowed to lapse. eight years later, the permanent rank of commodore was abolished leaving only rear admirals, who were divided into upper and lower halves, with pay differences, but both wearing two stars. in 1915, with world war i raging, the commanders- in-chief of the atlantic, pacific and asiatic fleets were awarded the temporary rank of admiral, and their seconds-in-command that of vice admiral. a year later the chief of naval operations was also given temporary admiral rank. however, the navy register continued to list these officers in their permanent grade of rear admiral. it was not until july 1941, with world war ii looming over the united states, that congress authorized president roosevelt to award permanent commissions to three and four star admirals. in april 1943, the rank of commodore (1-star) was re-established for the duration of the war, after which it again lapsed. see also commodore admiral and table 15. admiral’s watch: informal usn term for the second dog watch when the embarked flag officer traditionally visits the bridge to chat with the vessel’s commanding officer. 19 admiral’s
Admiralship, àíãëèéñêèé
The combination of character traits and professional skills that allows a naval commander to develop successful strategies and tactics.
Admiralt, àíãëèéñêèé
Black-book. see black-book.
Admiralty, àíãëèéñêèé
- 1. a high naval authority in charge of a state`s navy or a major territorial component. in the royal navy (uk) the board of admiralty, executing the office of the lord high admiral, promulgates naval law in the form of queen`s (or king`s) regulations and admiralty instructions.
- An office for the administration of naval affairs, presided over by a lord high-admiral, whether the duty be discharged by one person, or by commissioners under the royal patent, who are styled lords, and during our former wars generally consisted of seven. the present constitution of the board of admiralty comprises—the first lord, a minister and civilian as to office; four naval lords; one civil lord attending to accounts, &c.; one chief secretary; one second secretary. two lords and one secretary form a legal board of admiralty wherever they may be assembled, under the authority of the board or its chief.
- [1] formerly, the department of state responsible for the british royal navy (see board of admiralty). [2] the building housing officials of that department. [3] maritime law.
Admiralty anchor, àíãëèéñêèé
Àäìèðàëòåéñêèé ÿêîðü
Admiralty court, àíãëèéñêèé
- The constitution of this court relatively to the legislative power of the king in council, is analogous to that of the courts of common law relatively to the parliament of the kingdom.— high court of admiralty, a supreme court of law, in which the authority of the lord high-admiral is ostensibly exercised in his judicial capacity for the trial of maritime causes of a civil nature. although termed the high court of admiralty, more properly this is the court of vice-admiralty, and relates solely to civil and military matters of the sea, and sea boundaries, prizes, collisions, vessels or goods cast on the shore where the vice-admirals have civil jurisdiction, but no naval power, as the lord-lieutenants of counties are named in their patents “vice-admirals of the same;” in like manner all governors of colonies. all cases in connection are tried by the admiralty court in london, or by our “courts of vice-admiralty and prize jurisdictions abroad.” admirable as some of the decisions of this expensive tribunal have been, it has all the powers of the inquisition in its practice, and has thereby been an instrument of persecution to some innocent navigators, while it has befriended notorious villains. besides this we have the admiralty court of oyer and terminer, for the trial of all murders, piracies, or criminal acts which occur within the limits of the country, on the coast-lines, at sea, or wherever the admiralty jurisdiction extends—the deck of a british ship included.
- A tribunal administering maritime or admiralty law, including matters pertaining to shipping, collision, piracy, disposition of prizes, etc. admiralty law: a uniform, supranational, comprehensive body of maritime jurisprudence progressively codified over millennia. see laws & conventions of the sea, maritime law and united nations convention on the law of the sea.
Admiralty court; court of admiralty (in great britain), àíãëèéñêèé
Admiralty islands, àíãëèéñêèé
Admiralty law, àíãëèéñêèé
Body of law that deals with maritime cases. in the uk administered by the probate, divorce and admiralty division of the high court of justice or supreme court.
Admiralty midshipman, àíãëèéñêèé
- Formerly one who, having served the appointed time, and passed his examination for lieutenant, was appointed to a ship by the admiralty, and thus named in contradistinction to those who used to be rated by the captain; he generally had precedence for promotion to “acting orders.”
- Formerly one who, having served his time and passed the lieutenant’s examination, was appointed to a ship by the admiralty, in contradistinction to those who were rated by the captain.
Admiralty shackle, àíãëèéñêèé
Heavy shackle at the tail tree that connects the skyline to the stub line (guyline extension) (19).
Admiralty sweep, àíãëèéñêèé
A wide, cautious turn, made to come alongside another vessel or a jetty.
Popovici, àíãëèéñêèé
Completely, àíãëèéñêèé
Âïîëíå; ïîëíîñòüþ; ñîâåðøåííî
Unseaworthy, àíãëèéñêèé
Said of any vessel incapable of meeting the ordinary perils of the sea due to its state of maintenance, the capability of its crew, or any other factor.
Unmanageable, àíãëèéñêèé
When a vessel refuses to answer her helm, has lost her rudder, or is crippled in masts or sails.
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Admirals in the royal navy, àíãëèéñêèé
The first english admiral is believed to have been william de leyburn, appointed by king edward i in 1297 with the title admiral of the sea of the king of england. the subordinate positions of vice and rear admiral were not introduced until the 16th century; initially as appointments to command the white (van) and blue (rear) squadrons rather than official ranks. by 1743, squadrons had become much larger, so each was divided into three sections and for the next sixty-two years there were rear-admirals, vice-admirals, and admirals in each of three colors (see british ensigns). promotion was based on seniority, and the only way to advance was for a vacancy to be created by promotion, death, or resignation. the nine-step flag rank hierarchy was based on a combination of grade and squadron, running from rear-admiral of the blue as the most junior flag officer, to admiral of the red as the senior: rear squadron lead squadron center squadron 1. rear-admiral 2. rear-admiral 3. rear-admiral (blue) (white) (red) 4. vice-admiral 5. vice-admiral 6. vice admiral (blue) (white) (red) 7. admiral 8. admiral 9. admiral (blue) (white) (red) then, as explained by michael lewis in the navy of britain (london, george allen & unwin, 1948), a clerical mistake introduced a tenth grade: the man who commanded the whole also commanded the central—and therefore the most important— squadron, the red.... he was therefore, in practice both admiral of the fleet and admiral of the red. but since it is always a man’s tendency to use the highest title to which he has a right, he almost always called himself by the former name.... the tenth kind of flag officer—admiral of the red as distinct from admiral of the fleet—was only introduced, as the result of an error, in 1805. in 1864, the color-coding was abandoned and the number of flag ranks was reduced to the current three, excluding the now dormant admiral of the fleet.
Admiral of the navy, àíãëèéñêèé
This united states navy rank, generally considered to be six-star equivalent, was created specifically for admiral george dewey by act of congress in march 1903, with the proviso that it would exist for his lifetime. the award was retroactive to 1st may 1898 when then commodore dewey fought the battle of manila bay, commanding a fleet of modern armored cruisers which so far outgunned his opponent’s antiquated and decrepit wooden ships that the encounter was more of a slaughter than a battle. dewey died in 1917 and the rank lapsed accordingly.
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