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Recursive partitioning
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
- Recursive partitioning is an algorithm for generating classification and decision trees. starting from a root node representing all of the test data, the data is split into two or more child nodes that form a complete partition of the data in the parent node. the process is separately repeated on the data in each of the child nodes, and so on, until some termination criteria is reached. this technique has proven very effective at devising accurate classifiers and predictors, and widely available implementations include automatic interaction detection (aid), chaid, classification and regression trees (cart), c4.5, and knowledgeseeker, as well as other machine learning programs. these implementations also form the basis for boosting and other arcing techniques. see also: adaboost, arcing, c4.5, classification and regression trees. recursive transition network (rtn) a means to represent the rules of a language in a form that can be efficiently used in a computer. the network consists of states (nodes) and (allowable) transitions to other states. the states indicate which parts of the sentence or phrase have been recognized, and the transitions indicate which new substructures are allowed. the transitions also dictate the new state to which the system will move when a particular substructure is recognized.
- The iterative process, used by data mining algorithm providers, of dividing data into groups until no more useful groups can be found.
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Partition, английский
- A wall that subdivides spaces within any story of a building or room.
- A partition of an event a is a collection of events {a1, a2, a3, … } such that the events in the collection are disjoint, and their union is a. that is,
- A non-structural bulkhead subdividing a main compartment.
- A collection of subsets forms a partition of a universe if the subsets are disjoint and cover all elements (objects) in the universe. part-of-speech (pos) tagging one of the early successes in empirical natural language processing, this process is used to assign the lexical syntactic class (e.g., noun, verb, adjective) to the words in a sentence. a number of techniques are available to perform this task and have accuracy rates approaching that of a human. it is often used in as a preprocessing technique prior to other tasks in language processing.
- A class used as a proxy for gaining greater code coverage in unit testing.
- A division of an application’s processing into logical or functional parts.
- A section of space on a physical disk that functions as if it were a separate disk.
- In database programming, a subset of a database table or file.
Partition, английский
Partition block, английский
A concrete masonry unit for use in non-load-bearing walls; usually has solid, rectangular end faces and a nominal thickness of 4 in. (10 cm) or 6 in. (15 cm). partition cap, partition head, partition
Partition boot sector, английский
A portion of a hard disk partition that contains information about the disk’s file system and a short machine language program that loads the windows operating system.
Partition cap., английский
Partition cap. partition infilling 1., английский
Partition control, английский
Управление разделами
Partition control block, английский
Блок управления разделом
Partition curve, английский
Partition deletion, английский
Удаление раздела
Partition density, английский
Partition energy inputs, английский
Разнесение энергозатрат (напр., по процессам)
Partition factor, английский
Partition function, английский
A function that defines how the rows of a partitioned table or index are spread across a set of partitions based on the values of certain columns, called partitioning columns.
Partition head, английский
Partition manager, английский
- Администратор разделов
- Менеджер разделов; диспетчер разделов
Partition noise, английский
Шум токораспределения
Partition plate, английский
Partition queue element, английский
Элемент очереди свободных разделов
Partition root, английский
Корень раздела
Partition root entry, английский
Корневой элемент раздела
Partitioning, английский
- Расчленение
- Разделение; создание разделов; разбиение на разделы; выделение разделов; организация разделов; декомпозиция; секционирование
- The process of replacing a table with multiple smaller tables.
Generating, английский
A rapid roughing process to quickly remove material from a lens. accomplished by cutting tools on a machine. generator, free-form – a type of computercontrolled generator with at least three axes of movement that can cut most continuous lens surface shapes to a level of precision and smoothness that requires only minimal polishing with a free-form polisher. generator, traditional – a type of generator with either two or three axes of movement that can cut only basic spherical and sphero-cylindrical lens surface shapes to a minimal level of smoothness that requires additional fining with a cylinder machine.
Classification, английский
- Assigning data (i e , cases or observations) cases to one of a fixed number of possible classes (represented by a nominal output variable)
- Классификация; систематизация; засекречивание
- Классификация (упорядоченная группировка явлений и объектов; может утверждаться в качестве стандарта, в том числе национального или международного), см. nomenclature
- The work of putting references or components into order so as to be able to refer to them again and identify them easily the abo classification of blood
- Классификация
- N классификация language typological ~ типологическая классификация classificatory a классификационный matrix classifying a классифицирующий article
- The placement of an item under the correct number in the customs tariff for duty purposes. at times this procedure becomes highly complicated; it is not uncommon for importers to resort to litigation over the correct duty to be assessed by the customs on a given item
- Классификация; категоризация; сортировка
- The process of assigning a set of records from a database (observations in a dataset) into (usually) one of ``small" number of pre-specified disjoint categories. related techniques include regression, which predicts a range of values and clustering, which (typically) allows the categories to form themselves. the classification can be "fuzzy" in several senses of the word. in usual sense, the classification technique can allow a single record to belong to multiple (disjoint) categories with a probability (estimated) of being in each class. the categories can also overlap when they are developed either through a hierarchical model or through an agglomerative technique. finally, the classification can be fuzzy in the sense of using "fuzzy logic" techniques. see also: clustering, fuzzy logic, regression. classification and regression trees (cart) classification and regression trees (cart) is a particular form of decision tree used in data mining and statistics.
- Классификация. для порошков (пыли)—разделение образца на фракции по размеру, форме и плотности частиц с помощью жидкости; основано, например, на различной скорости оседания фракций в жидкости или на разном поведении частиц в потоке жидкости.
- A systematic organization of classes.
- The placement of an incident into a hierarchy of descriptors that indicate what the incident is generally about. for example, an incident could be classified as being related to software, and then to microsoft, and then to word 2003.
- The type of updates that sce downloads from microsoft update during synchronization.
- An offender is classified for a particular security level and housed in an appropriate facility based on assessment of their crime, security risk and prison behavior.
- A code which provides a method for categorizing the invention.
- The code for a specific type of complementary work or variation.
- Классификация, номенклатура
Termination, английский
- This usually refers to the physical act of terminating a cable with a special connector, which for coaxial cable is, usually, bnc. for fibre optic cable this is the st connector. it can also refer to the impedance matching when electrical transmission is
- 1). the load connected to the output end of a transmission line. 2). the provisions for ending a transmission line and connecting to a bus bar or other terminating device.
- The video cable requires an impedance of 75 ohms at normal video signal bandwidth. this is often called `low z`. there is a switch on the back of the monitors to select either 75 ohm or `high z` (sometimes `high/low`). if a signal is looped through more than one monitor all should be set to `high` except at last, which should be to `low` or 75 ohm.
- Preparation of the end of a fiber to allow connection to another fiber or an active device, sometimes also called "connectorization".
- Прекращение, расторжение
- An ornamental element which finishes off an architectural feature such as a dripstone.
- The act of ending something termination (of pregnancy) abortion
- N окончание (слова ) terminography n терминография
- The ending of a thread, process, or program.
- Расторжение (соглашения, договора)
Interaction, английский
- An effect which two or more substances such as drugs have on each other
- Взаимодействие
- N взаимодействие; talk-in-~ речь-во-взаимодействии level intercepted a прерванный intercultural a межкультурный (син. crosscultural) communication, relation
- Взаимодействие inter-agency coordinating committee (icc)
- Взаимодействие. см. drug interaction.
- Взаимодействие; взаимосвязь; интеракция; обмен информацией
- A pattern or sequence of message exchanges that accomplishes a purpose, such as performing an operation. objects in a collaboration interact by exchanging messages. messages can be signals or calls and can include conditions and time events.
- The direct manipulation (e.g. a gesture and inertia) of an element.
- Language use to maintain social relationships rather than achieve ends.
Regression, английский
- Statistical technique used to evaluate relationships among variables (22).
- Регрессия
- 1. a stage where symptoms of a disease are disappearing and the person is getting better 2. (in psychiatry) the process of returning to a mental state which existed when the person was younger
- Regression commonly refers to the process of developing an empirical (data-driven) model to predict and/or explain one or more attributes in a database or set of data. it is most frequently associated with the simple linear model (y=mx+b) taught in most introductory statistics courses; the same ideas have been extended in many directions, including classification problems. when the emphasis is on hypothesis testing and simple models, the regression output is typically a few parameters that provide a direct linkage from the input variables to the predicted variables (or classification). in other situations the emphasis is on explaining as much of the variability in the output variables as is "reasonable" from the input variables. in this case, there are a number of "advanced" techniques, such as smoothing splines, decision trees, neural nets, and so forth, for which there are many "free" parameters. the meaning of any one of these parameters can be obscure. many data mining techniques are, at their core, variations on well-known regression techniques. see also: classification, clustering, decision trees, neural nets.
- The reappearance of a previously fixed problem.
- The statistical process of predicting one or more continuous variables, such as profit or loss, based on other attributes in the dataset.
- A mathematical technique used to explain and/or predict. the general form is y = a + bx + u, where y is the variable that we are trying to predict; x is the variable that we are using to predict y, a is the intercept; b is the slope, and u is the regression residual. the a and b are chosen in a way to minimize the squared sum of the residuals. the ability to fit or explain is measured by the r-square.
- A seaward retreat of a shoreline, generally expressed as a seaward
Knowledgeseeker, английский
Knowledgeseeker is an early commercial classification tree program. unlike classification and regression trees (cart), it offered multi-way splits. it also used a different set of splitting criteria. see also: http://www.angoss.com/
Transition, английский
- Переучивание; переподготовка
- N переход closed ~ закрытый слог (ант. open ~) normal ~ обычный переход open ~ открытый переход (ант. closed ~) percussive ~ ударный переход
- Переход от пластичного состояния к хрупкому
- A change in gait.
- Upward or downward change between gaits, speed, direction, or maneuvers.
- A move from one license, product, or license model to another. some examples of transitions are: a step-up to a higher edition; a move from on-premises to the cloud, or cloud to on-premises; or a move to or from a license model that is a hybrid of an online service and an on-premises product.
- An allowed path from one state to another.
- An animation effect that specifies how the display changes as a user moves from one item (such as a slide or web page) to another.
- In a statechart or activity diagram, a relationship between two states or action states or between a state and itself.
- Переход
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Output smearing, английский
Recent research has focused on methods for combining predictors such as neural networks or classification trees. typically, multiple training sets are generated and a predictor developed on each set. the predictions can then be combined using techniques such as bootstrap aggregation (bagging) or arcing-boosting (adaboost). output smearing and output flipping offer an alternate to generating multiple training sets by maintaining the same feature vectors but perturbing the output. when the output is continuous or has been encoded in a set of binary vectors, new training sets are generated by adding small amounts of gaussian noise to the response. output flipping is a similar technique for categorical responses, where the labels are randomly flipped or exchange so as to maintain the same relative proportion of the classes. see also: adaboost, arcing, bootstrap aggregation.
Embedded systems, английский
Refers to a computer that is integral to some other device, such as a car, a dishwasher, or a camera. these systems act as intelligent controllers and attempt to perform a function such as optimizing performance (as in a car), or meeting a target specification, such as adjusting the exposure in a camera to guarantee a "good" picture. these systems are generally far simpler and more robust than the typical computer most persons are familiar with. they typically include a specialized cpu, rom to hold the operating system and program code, some ram to allow computation and temporary storage, and some i/o devices to determine the device state and control some functions. the system`s parameters are usually set at the time the program is written to rom, although some systems include flashram or some similar form of dynamic memory that allows the system to be adjusted or to "learn" after the system has been built. such systems could be viewed as very specialized expert systems although they usually lack the ability to interact with their owners or to explain their actions.
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