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Pattern directed invocation
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
A modification used in a procedural representation of a knowledge base. rather than explicitly writing the query, it is given as a goal, and a variety of procedures can be used to satisfy it using a method such as backtracking. this adds some of the flexibility available in a declarative knowledge base, at the expense of the control available in a pure procedural representation. see also: declarative representation, knowledge base, knowledge representation, procedural representation.
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Modification, французский
Procedural, английский
A процедурный semantics
Representation, английский
- N репрезента- ция, представление knowledge ~ представление знаний internal ~ псхл. внутреннее представление mental ~ ментальная репрезентация
- A collateral statement of such facts not inserted on the policy of insurance, as may give the underwriters a just estimate of the risk of the adventure. (see warranty.)
- A representation is a set of conventions about how to describe a class of things. representation will generally consist of four parts: 1. a lexicon that determines which symbols are in it vocabulary; 2. a structural part that describes the constraints on the symbols; 3. a collection of methods or procedures that allow the symbols to be manipulated and queried; and 4. a semantics that specifies the meaning of the symbols and their relationships. re-ranking in handwriting and text recognition systems, the task of re-ranking allows the candidate interpretations developed by the recognizer to be ranked or scored according to the language model. see also: word n-gram re-ranking, word-tag model.
- If something stands in place of or is chosen to substitute for something else, the former is considered a representation of the latter. e.g., representation of constituencies in government, linguistic representation of an event (->symbol). the 66 belief that all knowledge is a representation of the properties of the real world is as unacceptable as the insistence that all descriptions or messages are about something else.
Procedures, английский
Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks.
Backtracking, английский
A method used in search algorithms to retreat from an unacceptable position and restart the search at a previously known "good" position. typical search and optimization problems involve choosing the "best" solution, subject to some constraints (for example, purchasing a house subject to budget limitations, proximity to schools, etc.) a "brute force" approach would look at all available houses, eliminate those that did not meet the constraint, and then order the solutions from best to worst. an incremental search would gradually narrow in the houses under consideration. if, at one step, the search wandered into a neighborhood that was too expensive, the search algorithm would need a method to back up to a previous state.
Flexibility, английский
- The property of a material that allows it to bend without damage (and without losing its strength) and then to return to its original shape.
- Гибкость; трансформируемость; переналаживаемость
- Гибкость, податливость
- 1. the ability to be flexed or bowed repeatedly without rupturing. 2. a term relating to the hand of fabric, referring to ease of bending and ranging from pliable (high) to stiff (low).
Declarative, английский
A повество- вательный sentence
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Additive models, английский
A modeling technique that uses weighted linear sums of the possibly transformed input variables to predict the output variable, but does not include terms such as cross-products which depend on more than a single predictor variables. additive models are used in a number of machine learning systems, such as boosting, and in generalized additive models (gams). see also: boosting, generalized additive models. additivity and variance stabilization (avas) avas, an acronym for additivity and variance stabilization, is an modification of the ace technique for smooth regression models. it adds a variance stabilizing transform into the ace technique and thus eliminates many of ace`s difficulty in estimating a smooth relationship. see also: ace.
Monotone function, английский
A monotone increasing (decreasing) function, such as an activation function in a neural network is a function whose value always increases (decreases) when its argument(s) increase. see also: neural network.
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