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Independent system operator (iso)
| Глоссарий по экологии и "зеленой" энергетике |
- A neutral and independent organization with no financial interest in generating facilities that administers the operation and use of the transmission system. isos exercise final authority over the dispatch of electricity from generators to customers to preserve reliability and facilitate efficiency, ensure non-discriminatory access, administer transmission tariffs, ensure the availability of ancillary services, and provide information about the status of the transmission system and available transmission capacity. an iso may make some transmission investment decisions.
- The entity responsible for maintaining system balance, reliability, and electricity market operation.
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Independent, английский
- One who logs and sells his output on the open market; not associated with a mill or under company or dealer contract (19).
- Независимый; автономный
- Независимый, автономный
- Независимый, самостоятельный; рантье (лицо, живущее на доходы от капитала)
- Независимый
- A независимый
- A merchant ship under naval control, but sailing alone and unescorted by any warship.
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Generating, английский
A rapid roughing process to quickly remove material from a lens. accomplished by cutting tools on a machine. generator, free-form – a type of computercontrolled generator with at least three axes of movement that can cut most continuous lens surface shapes to a level of precision and smoothness that requires only minimal polishing with a free-form polisher. generator, traditional – a type of generator with either two or three axes of movement that can cut only basic spherical and sphero-cylindrical lens surface shapes to a minimal level of smoothness that requires additional fining with a cylinder machine.
Facilities, английский
- Physical features of a hotel such as: accommodation, restaurants, bars, and meeting rooms.
- Производственные фонды; производственные здания, сооружения и оборудование, см. plants and equipment; средства (как правило, основные), см. capital goods; заводы; мощности, материальная база; оборудование; удобства; приспособления; устройства
- Помещение
- Something such as equipment, accommodation, treatment or help that is provided for people who need them the provision of aftercare facilities
- Мощности
Transmission, английский
- Passage of electromagnetic radiation through a medium.
- Transmisión
- The property in a merchantman, or a share therein, transmitted in
- Передача; привод; коробка передач; трансмиссия; прохождение; распространение ~ of loads передача нагрузок
- The transport of high voltage electricity. this is achieved with a transmission network (or grid). generally the network will connect large generators to lower voltage distribution networks where it will be transported to the majority of electricity consumers. alternatively, large scale electricity users may connect directly to the transmission network. management of transmission is a natural monopoly due to the economies of scale inherent to it. transmission system operator (tso) (also transmission network operator-
- The sending of information over a communications line or a circuit.
- The transportation of electric energy in bulk from a source or sources of supply to other systems or parts of a single system.
- Transfer of pathogens from one host to another
Electricity, английский
- Электричество
- Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The movement of electrons (a subatomic particle), produced by a voltage, through a conductor.
- Energy resulting from the flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The fl ow of passing charge through a conductor, driven by a difference in voltage between the ends of the conductor. electrical power is generated by work from heat in a gas or steam turbine or from wind, oceans or falling water, or produced directly from sunlight using a photovoltaic device or chemically in a fuel cell. being a current, electricity cannot be stored and requires wires and cables for its transmission (see grid). because electric current fl ows immediately, the demand for electricity must be matched by production in real time.
Reliability, английский
- Надежность
- Engineering, analysis and planning планирование и технический анализ надежности
- Достоверность
- Достоверность; надежность
- Надёжность, безотказность (в эксплуатации)
- Надежность. степень, с которой эксперимент, испытание или методика измерений дают точные результаты в повторяющихся испытаниях [36].
- Electric system reliability has two components
- Generally, invulnerability to potentially corrupting influences. specifically
- The likelihood of a computer system or device continuing to function over a given period of time and under specified conditions.
- Reliability has two components: adequacy and security. the former involves ensuring that supply is available to meet demand at dispersed points of consumption. in network industries, storage can be costly-requiring adequate capacity to transportservices (electricity or telecommunications signals) to final consumers. security is characterized by the system’s ability to withstand sudden, unanticipated disturbances, as when a transmission line suddenly becomes unavailable or particular links or production nodes are disrupted.
- In general: reliability is the degree of performance according to imposed standards or expectations. electrical reliability is the absence of unplanned interruptions of the current by, for example, shortage of supply capacity or by failures in parts of the grid. reliability differs from security and from fl uctuations in power quality due to impulses or harmonics. renewable energy – see energy
- "the ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval.
- A measure of how trustworthy a test is.
- Being dependable or consistent
- Being dependable or consistent having the same results after many tests
Facilitate, английский
Efficiency, английский
- A rating on comfort equipment, similar to the miles per gallon rating on your car. the higher the rating, the more efficient the system and the lower your fuel consumption will be.
- A comfort-equipment and fuel-efficiency rating similar to the miles-per-gallon rating for automobiles
- A general term used to describe how effectively a heat pump, air conditioning system, or furnace converts incoming energy to outgoing energy. the higher the number, the more efficient the unit, and the lower the operating costs.
- A measure of a product`s ability to utilize input energy; expressed as a percentage.
- Эффективность; кпд
- Эффективность (производства); производительность (труда), см. yield, utility, productivity
- Эффективность
- Эффективность; полезный эффект результативность в зависимости от затраченных ресурсов (времени, финансов и др.).
- Эффективность (улавливания частиц). применительно к фильтрам, пылеуловителям и брызговым скрубберам — отношение количества частиц, задерживаемых данным устройством, к поступающему в него количеству (обычно выражается в процентах) (предварительный стандарт мос, 8).
- In a loudspeaker, the ratio of acoustic power output to electrical power input.
- The degree and speed with which a market accurately incorporates information into prices.
- An economic goal of receiving the most satisfaction from a given amount of resources; it occurs when satisfaction cannot be increased through increased production of one good and less of another. see allocativeefficiency and productiveefficiency.
- Однокомнатная квартира с плитой и раковиной в жилой комнате
- The ratio of the useful energy output to energy input of a machine or other energy-converting plant.
Administer, английский
Availability, английский
- The percentage of time that an item or system is able to perform its designed function.
- (1) the fraction of a fish population which lives where it is susceptible to fishing during a given fishing season. (2) catch per unit of effort. (3) a term sometimes used to describe whether a given fish of a given size can be caught by a given type of g
- Наличие; доступность
- N наличие avesta n «авеста» axon n аксон6 b
- The quality or condition of a photovoltaic system being available to provide power to a load. usually measured in hours per year. one minus availability equals downtime.
- A level of service provided by applications, services, or systems.
- The condition of a user that can be displayed to the user’s contacts to communicate whether the user is currently online and available, offline and unavailable, and so on.
- The periods of time when a resource can be scheduled to participate in a service activity.
- The period in which the project financing is available for drawdown.
- Использование кредитных средств
- The quality or condition of a photovoltaic system available to provide power to
- "the ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or during a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided.
Information, английский
- Knowledge of a particular event or situation, or knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact.
- Информация
- Facts about something have you any information about the treatment of sunburn? the police won’t give us any information about how the accident happened. you haven’t given me enough information about when your symptoms started. that’s a very useful piece or bit of information. (note: no plural: some information; a piece of information.)
- N информация | attr. информационный flow, structure source of ~ источник информации 1 ранее использовался в более широком значении как ‘умозаключе- ние’. 2 получение выводных данных в процессе обработки информации и/или языка и само выводное знание, умозаключение; мыслительная операция, в ходе которой человек выходит за пределы данных в тек- сте сведений и получает новую информацию. 3 аффикс, вставляемый внутрь корня слова при словообразовании или словоизменении.
- In admiralty courts, implies a clause introduced into a citation, intimating that in the event of a party cited not appearing, the court will proceed in his absence.
- Информация; данные; сведения
- Координационный комитет ин4юрмации о проектируемых и возводимых объектах строительства
- Literally that which forms within, but more adequately
- Data that has been recorded, classified, organized, related or interpreted so that meaning is apparent.
- Contextualised data providing answer to a certain question decreasing uncertainty.
- Информация, сведения
Investment, английский
- Инвестиции; капитальные вложения, см. capital investment
- Инвестиция
- The first process of a siege, in taking measures to seize all the avenues, blocking up the garrison, and preventing relief getting into the place before the arrival of the main army with the siege-train.
- Финансирование; капиталовложение; вклад; инвестиция
- The purchase of stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares, real property, an annuity, collectibles, or other assets, with the expectation of obtaining income or capital gains-or both-in the future.
- A discrete asset or group of assets held for future income, appreciation, or both and tracked separately.
- The creation of more money through the use of capital.
- An item of value purchased for income or capital appreciation. capital investments include equipment, pipes and other fixed assets. financial investments include stocks, bonds, and other securities.
Responsible, английский
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Performance based incentive (pbi), английский
A payment or rebate paid based on actual energy production, compared to a ufi, on a $/kwh basis. a pbi benefits those with larger solar power systems.
Megawatt (mw), английский
- A megawatt equals 1,000 kilowatts or 1 million watts.
- 1,000 kilowatts, or 1 million watts; standard measure of electric power plant generating capacity.
- A measurement of power equal to one million watts. megawatt-hour (mwhr): a measurement of power with respect to time (energy). one megawatt-hour is equal to one megawatt being used for a period of one hour, or one kilowatt being used for 1000 hours. metres-per-second (m/s): a speed measurement system, often used to measure wind speed. 1m/s equals 2.2 miles per hour or 3.6 km/h. micro-hydro system: a domestic-scale generation system that uses water to produce electricity. types of water turbine include pelton, turgo, crossflow, overshot and undershot waterwheels. modified-square-wave: a type of waveform produced by some stand-alone inverters. looks like
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