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Energy efficiency
| Глоссарий по экологии и "зеленой" энергетике |
- Using less energy (electricity and/or natural gas) to perform the same function at the same level of quality. programs designed to use energy more efficiently
- This can be defined in slightly different ways, and includes using less energy (kwh) to achieve the same benefits (e.g. internal temperature, industrial output etc), or using the same or a lesser amount of energy (kwh) but achieving more benefits (e.g. a warmer home, higher output). the focus tends to be on improving the welfare of the enduser.
- Using less energy (electricity) to perform the same function. the term "energy conservation" differs since it implies "doing without", although journalists use the terms interchangeably.
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Efficiency, английский
- A rating on comfort equipment, similar to the miles per gallon rating on your car. the higher the rating, the more efficient the system and the lower your fuel consumption will be.
- A comfort-equipment and fuel-efficiency rating similar to the miles-per-gallon rating for automobiles
- A general term used to describe how effectively a heat pump, air conditioning system, or furnace converts incoming energy to outgoing energy. the higher the number, the more efficient the unit, and the lower the operating costs.
- A measure of a product`s ability to utilize input energy; expressed as a percentage.
- Эффективность; кпд
- Эффективность (производства); производительность (труда), см. yield, utility, productivity
- Эффективность
- Эффективность; полезный эффект результативность в зависимости от затраченных ресурсов (времени, финансов и др.).
- Эффективность (улавливания частиц). применительно к фильтрам, пылеуловителям и брызговым скрубберам — отношение количества частиц, задерживаемых данным устройством, к поступающему в него количеству (обычно выражается в процентах) (предварительный стандарт мос, 8).
- In a loudspeaker, the ratio of acoustic power output to electrical power input.
- The degree and speed with which a market accurately incorporates information into prices.
- An economic goal of receiving the most satisfaction from a given amount of resources; it occurs when satisfaction cannot be increased through increased production of one good and less of another. see allocativeefficiency and productiveefficiency.
- Однокомнатная квартира с плитой и раковиной в жилой комнате
- The ratio of the useful energy output to energy input of a machine or other energy-converting plant.
Efficiency apartment, английский
A small apartment usually consisting of a single room used both as a living room and as a bedroom, together with a kitchen alcove and a bathroom. eg abbr. for “edge (vertical) grain.” e.g. abbr. for the latin term “exempli gratia,” which means for example. egg and dart, echinus, egg and anchor, egg and arrow, egg and tongue an egg-shaped ornament alternating with a dart-like ornament, used to enrich ovolo and echinus moldings and also on bands. in the egg-and-anchor, egg-andarrow, and egg-and-tongue moldings, the dartlike ornament is varied in form. eggcrate diffuser 357 effluent discharging into soil egg and dart
Efficiency bonus, английский
In computer games, an additional score or points given for efficient play.
Efficiency criteria, английский
Rules for assessing a given allocation of resources.
Efficiency engineer, английский
Инженер по научной организации труда
Efficiency expert, английский
Инженер по научной организации труда; специалист по научной организации труда
Efficiency factor, английский
- Коэффициент эффективности
- Коэффициент полезного действия; коэффициент эффективности; эффективность
Efficiency factor in time, английский
Efficiency factor in time (of a transmission with automatic repetition, английский
Efficiency indicator, английский
Индикатор эффективности
Efficiency of a rectifier, английский
Efficiency of labor, английский
Efficiency of screening, английский
Efficiency of separation, английский
Efficiency of sizing, английский
Efficiency rating, английский
Эффективная мощность
Efficiency ratio, английский
The ratio of the net usable area of a building to its gross floor area.
Efficiency upgrading, английский
Повышение эффективности
Efficiency-reject ratio, английский
Energy, английский
- The product of power (watts) and duration (seconds). one watt-second = one joule.
- The capacity to do work; the amount of work that a system is capable of doing.
- The force or strength to carry out activities you need to eat certain types of food to give you energy.
- Энергия
- Энергия; запас энергии
- Энергия о ~ per unit of volume удельная энергия (на единицу объёма)
- The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted to other forms, but the total amount of energy remains the same.
- The power to perform chemical, mechanical, electrical or heat related tasks (see food chain). e. flow in ecosystems: the higher the trophic level, the less energy is available to the predator. e. pyramid: energy relationship among various feeding levels involved in a particular food chain; autotrophs (at the base) represent the greatest amount of available energy; herbivores are next; then primary carnivores; secondary carnivores; and so forth; similar pyramids of mass, size, and number also occur in natural communities (see biomass).
- Power consumed multiplied by the duration of use. for example, 500 watts used for four hours is 2000 watt-hours. also commonly expressed as kilowatt-hours, where one kilowatt-hour is 1000 watt-hours.
- The equivalent of, or the capacity to perform, mechanical work, the difference between two states of thermodynamic entropy before and after work has been performed. energy is measured either as the product of force and distance (e.g., in lifting a weight a certain height) or as the product of power and time (e.g., in getting an object to move with a certain speed). energy may be stored in a material structure as in a water resevoire or a barrel of oil or in a kinetic form as in the momentum of a wheel or of a bullet in motion. electrical energy is measured in kilowatt/hours (kw/h), heat energy in calories or in british thermal units (btu), mechanical energy in horsepowers, light in joules, explosives in tons of tnt, etc. different forms of energy are inter-convertable due to the first law of thermodynamics which makes energy the most important construct of physics. all physical processes including computation and communication are known to require energy (->thermodynamics).
- The ability (capacity) to do work. energy is measured in joules (j), calories or british thermal units (btu).
- The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted into other
- The amount of work or heat delivered. energy is classifi ed in a variety of types and becomes available to human ends when it fl ows from one place to another or is converted from one type into another. daily, the sun supplies large fl ows of radiation energy. part of that energy is used directly, while part undergoes several conversions creating water evaporation, winds, etc. some share is stored in biomass or rivers that can be harvested. some share is directly usable such as daylight, ventilation or ambient heat. primary energy (also referred to as energy sources) is the energy embodied in natural resources (e.g., coal, crude oil, natural gas, uranium, and renewable sources). it is defi ned in several alternative ways. the international energy agency utilizes the physical energy content method, which defi nes primary energy as energy that has not undergone any anthropogenic conversion. the method used in this report is the direct equivalent method (see annex ii), which counts one unit of secondary energy provided from non-combustible sources as one unit of primary energy, but treats combustion energy as the energy potential contained in fuels prior to treatment or combustion. primary energy is transformed into secondary energy by cleaning (natural gas), refi ning (crude oil to oil products) or by conversion into electricity or heat. when the secondary energy is delivered at the end-use facilities it is called fi nal energy (e.g., electricity at the wall outlet), where it becomes usable energy in supplying services (e.g., light). embodied energy is the energy used to produce a material substance (such as processed metals or building materials), taking into account energy used at the manufacturing facility (zero order), energy used in producing the materials that are used in the manufacturing facility (fi rst order), and so on. renewable energy (re) is any form of energy from solar, geophysical or biological sources that is replenished by natural processes at a rate that equals or exceeds its rate of use. renewable energy is obtained from the continuing or repetitive fl ows of energy occurring in the natural environment and includes low-carbon technologies such as solar energy, hydropower, wind, tide and waves and ocean thermal energy, as well as renewable fuels such as biomass. for a more detailed description see specifi c renewable energy types in this glossary, for example, biomass, solar, hydropower, ocean, geothermal and wind.
Energy (grade) -, английский
Напорная линия, линия энергии
Electricity, английский
- Электричество
- Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The movement of electrons (a subatomic particle), produced by a voltage, through a conductor.
- Energy resulting from the flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The fl ow of passing charge through a conductor, driven by a difference in voltage between the ends of the conductor. electrical power is generated by work from heat in a gas or steam turbine or from wind, oceans or falling water, or produced directly from sunlight using a photovoltaic device or chemically in a fuel cell. being a current, electricity cannot be stored and requires wires and cables for its transmission (see grid). because electric current fl ows immediately, the demand for electricity must be matched by production in real time.
Temperature, английский
- Température
- Dry-bulb - temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer.
- An expression of thermal energy density. how hot or cold an object is.
- The measure of the intensity of heat that a substance possesses.
- Температура
- Температура тмр test methods and procedures методы проведения испытаний и последовательность их проведения тмр theodolite measuring point кинотеодолитная станция
- Temperatura, fiebre
- The condition attained when the wetted wick of a wet-bulb thermometer has reached a stable and constant temperature when exposed to moving air in excess of 900 ft (274.3 m) per minute.
- 1. the heat of the body or of the surrounding air, measured in degrees the doctor asked the nurse what the patient’s temperature was. his temperature was slightly above normal. the thermometer showed a temperature of 99°f. to take a patient’s temperature to insert a thermometer in someone’s body to see what his or her body temperature is they took his temperature every four hours. when her temperature was taken this morning, it was normal. 2. illness when your body is hotter than normal he’s in bed with a temperature. her mother says she’s got a temperature, and can’t come to work. comment: the average body temperature is about 37° celsius or 98° fahrenheit. this temperature may vary during the day, and can rise if a person has taken a hot bath or had a hot drink. if the environmental temperature is high, the body has to sweat to reduce the heat gained from the air around it. if the outside temperature is low, the body shivers, because rapid movement of the muscles generates heat. a fever will cause the body temperature to rise sharply, to 40°c (103°f) or more. hypothermia exists when the body temperature falls below about 35°c (95°f).
- Повышение температуры бетона ~ of truss высота фермы jet ~ высота подъёма горизонтальной неизотермической приточной струи, «всплывающей» над приточным отверстием
- Температура ~ of adiabatic saturation температура адиабатического насыщения
- Normal adult temperature varies among horses, but will usually range in degrees from 99.5°f to 100.5°f.
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of a material. the standard unit of temperature is a kelvin, (k). temperature determines the direction of heat flow between any two systems in thermal contact. heat will always flow from the area of higher temperature (t source) to one of lower temperature (t sink). temperature gradient (?t)
- A measure of the degree of molecular motion of a material compared to a reference point. temperature is measured in degrees farenheit (melting point of ice = 32 º f, boiling point of water = 212 º f) or degrees celsius (melting point of ice = 0 º c, boiling point of water = 100 º c).
- The degree of sensible heat of a body as measured by a thermometer or similar instrument.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c) or degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k), where the increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °f.
- Temperature of surrounding atmosphere. also called dry bulb temperature. compare standard atmospheric conditions. ampere (a): si unit of electric current. ampere per meter (a·m–1): si derived unit of magnetic field intensity. the measurement 1 a·m–1, for example, describes a current of 1 a flowing through a coil that is 1 m in diameter. compare oersted. ampere turn (at): in magnetic particle testing, unit for expressing the magnetomotive force required for magnetization using a coil in terms of the product of the number of coil turns and the current in amperes flowing through the coil. amplitude, echo: in ultrasonic testing, the vertical height of a received signal on an a-scan, measured from base to peak for a video presentation or from peak to peak for a radio frequency presentation.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c), degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k) or degrees rankine (°r). an increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °r = 1.8 °f. compare heat.
Industrial, английский
- Промышленный
- One of the music genres that appears under genre classification in windows media player library. based on id3 standard tagging format for mp3 audio files. id3v1 genre id # 19.
Conservation, английский
- Protection, improvement, and wise use of natural resources according to principles that will assure utilization of the resource to obtain the highest economic and/or social benefits (17).
- The sustainable use of forest resources in a manner that does not degrade the collective resource values of a region over the long term
- Сохранение
Journalists, английский
Reporters or editorial-writers for periodicals, such as newspapers. such individuals work in other media, including television and electronic media.
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Alternative compliance payment (acp), английский
Utilities that have to comply with rps requirements but find srecs to be scarce or unavailable can provide an alternative payment (i.e. $300/mwh)
Power pool, английский
- Two or more interconnected electric systems planned and operated to supply power for their combined demand requirements.
- An association of energy utilities that coordinate their operations (aggregation of power from various generators, arranging exchanges between generators, and establishing or enforcing the rules of conduct for wholesale transactions) to maximize system stability and achieve least-cost dispatch. the pool may own, manage and/or operate the transmission lines (“wires”) or be an independent entity that manages transactions among others.
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