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Socialization
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A mutually adaptive process (->adaptation) which is realized (->realizatiion) in interaction among members of a social group and results in the elimination of individual behaviors of which the group collectively disapproves. (not to be confused with internalization which effects conformity through symbolic means).
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Adaptation, английский
- Адаптация; самонастройка; самоприспосабливание
- Адаптация (приспособление организма к изменившимся условиям среды, питательным и токсичным веществам)
- 1. a change which has been or can be made to something 2. the act of changing something so that it fits a new situation 3. the process by which sensory receptors become accustomed to a sensation which is repeated add add abbr attention deficit disorder
- Адаптация
- N адаптация14 (тж. adaption, см. тж. adoption) theory
- Адаптация; приспособление
- 1) characteristics of organisms evolved as a consequence of natural selection; 2) changes in the form or behavior of an organism during life as a response to environmental stimuli; 3) changes in the excitability of a sense organ as a result of continuos stimulation.
- Stability of success in the face of a changing environment. two kinds of adaptation are distinguished. (a) darwinian adaptation after darwin who observed how organisms change their internal structure when their environment makes existing forms no longer viable. e.g., ashby`s homeostat searches for a new pattern of behavior as soon as disturbances in its surroundings drive or threaten to drive its essential variables outside specified limits. (b) singerian adaptation after singer who described how organisms, particularly man, change the nature of their environment so as to eliminate threats to or prevent the destruction of their own internal organization. e.g., agriculture, architecture and technology adapt the physical environment to human-social needs. the difference between "adaptive" and "adapting" behavior (steg) also reflects this distinction. adaptation can occur in several levels of an organiz~tional hierarchy and may even apply to itself as in "amplifying adaptation" (ashby) which is "adaptation to adapt" and has the properties of self-organization.
- Initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability or increase the resilience of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change impacts. various types of adaptation exist, for example, anticipatory and reactive, private and public, and autonomous and planned. examples are raising river or coastal dikes, retreating from coastal areas subject to fl ooding from sea level rise or introducing alternative temperature-appropriate or drought-adapted crops for conventional ones.
Interaction, английский
- An effect which two or more substances such as drugs have on each other
- Взаимодействие
- N взаимодействие; talk-in-~ речь-во-взаимодействии level intercepted a прерванный intercultural a межкультурный (син. crosscultural) communication, relation
- Взаимодействие inter-agency coordinating committee (icc)
- Взаимодействие. см. drug interaction.
- Взаимодействие; взаимосвязь; интеракция; обмен информацией
- A pattern or sequence of message exchanges that accomplishes a purpose, such as performing an operation. objects in a collaboration interact by exchanging messages. messages can be signals or calls and can include conditions and time events.
- The direct manipulation (e.g. a gesture and inertia) of an element.
- Language use to maintain social relationships rather than achieve ends.
Elimination, английский
- Устранение; исключение
- The removal of waste matter from the body
- Элиминация. процесс удаления вещества из организма, который состоит из биотрансформации (см. biotransformation) и экскреции (см. excretion). встречающийся термин: выведение. elimination half-life: период полувыведения. время, в течение которого концентрация соединения в биологической среде снижается на 50%. обозначается как т1/2. синоним: half-life.
- Устранение, удаление ~ of staining from concrete удаление пятен с бетона ~ of unsightly graffiti удаление (со стен домов и помещений) непристойных надписей и рисунков
- Disqualification from placings because of an infraction of a specifically stated rule, such as a fall, going off pattern, etc.; a process of selecting semifinalists from a very large number of riders.
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
Internalization, английский
A learning process whereby the components or subsystems of a systems acquire a metasystem that represents the requirements, controls, goals, values and purposes of that system and thereby relieves that system of some of its original regulatory (->regulation) and control burdens. e.g., the acquisition of values, norms and a conscience provides individuals with criteria for decision making within a s`ocial system whose use is more efficient than if such determinations would have to be made repeatedly and in large numbers by legal or governmental procedures of the larger system. through internalization a social system decentralizes regulation and control by, i providing its members with sui~able constructs of their environment including themselves.
Conformity, английский
- Согласованность; соответствие
- Соответствие (проекту, ту) 140 connection о - to strict building codes согласованность со строгими требованиями строительных норм; ~ to the design
- A. the mutual relationship between adjacent sedimentary strata that have been deposited in orderly sequence with little or no evidence of a time hiatus. b. a surface that separates younger strata from older ones, along which there is no physical evidence of erosion or nondeposition and no significant hiatus (mitchum, 1977, p. 206).
- The mutual and undisturbed relationship between adjacent sedimentary strata that have been deposited in orderly sequence with little or no evidence of time lapses; true stratigraphic continuity in the sequence of beds without evidence that the lower beds were folded, tilted, or eroded before the higher beds were deposited. compare - unconformity. gg
- Fulfillment by a product, process or service of all requirements specified. (iso)
Collective, английский
A собирательный | n кол- лектив noun
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Social system, английский
In cybernetics, a system involving its observers. such a system is constituted (->constitution) by communication among observers who participate within that system by drawing distinctions and creating relations within it (->analysis, ->second-order cybernetics). this contrasts sharply with the use of the same term in the structural-functional school of sociology, where it denotes a pattern of social acts in pursuit of individual and collective goals and governed by the need of the "social system" to maintain its own structure.
Solipsism, английский
The theory that locates reality entirely in the mind of the beholder. it specifically denies the existence of involuntary experiences with an outside world be it through direct perception of something or through vicarious experiences created in the process of communication. for contrast see epistemology and constructivism in 71 cybernetics.
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