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Satisficing
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
By evaluating all possible alternatives, the computation of an optimum strateny (->optimization theory) may not be feasable when the number of alternatives is very large (->combinatorial explosion). e.g., in chess, the number of available plays exceeds computational limits not just for humans (->bremermann`s limit). a decision maker who settles for a less amibitious result and obtains the optimum he can compute under given time or resource constraints is said to sa tisfice. second-order cybernetics
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Evaluating, английский
The function of obtaining data developed by a testing agency, and utilizing such data to perform calculations, ,cdetermine suitability, project results, or otherwise draw conclusions resulting from an, analysis of these data. (astme699) part v quality control
Computation, английский
- Вычисление; расчет сомртм`т compartment помещение; отсек
- Вычисление
- Вычисление, расчёт о to
- The process of computing
- Исчисление
Optimization, английский
- A method of manipulating a given progressive lens using complex mathematical algorithms in order to preserve the desired optical characteristics of the “ideal” or “target” lens design in the final lens.
- Оптимизация
- Оптимизация; определение оптимальных характеристик
- In programming, the process of producing more efficient (smaller or faster) programs through selection and design of data structures, algorithms, and instruction sequences.
- The process of a compiler or assembler in producing efficient executable code.
Combinatorial, английский
A комбинатор- ный (тж. combinatory); semantic-~ семантико- комбинаторный combinatory a комбинаторный (тж . combinatorial) semantics combining a сочетаемый form comitative a совместный case
Computational, английский
- Вычислительный
- A компьютерный; вычислительный linguistics, semantics computed a компьютерный (выполненный при помощи компьютера ) (см. тж. computeraided) tomography
- Машинный; вычислительный; численный
- Ехре г i епсе
Constraints, английский
Cybernetics, английский
- Кибернетика
- N кибернетика cycle n цикл transformational ~ трансформационный цикл cyclop(a)edia
- A term, coined by norman weiner, used to signify the study of control mechanisms in machines and biological organisms. it is derived from the greek word for steersman. its latin equivalent gave rise to such terms as governor and government.
- The term derives from the greek word for steersman. initially, the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine (wiener). before this modern definition, the science of government (ampere). now an interdisciplinary approach to organization, irrespective of a system`s material realization. whereas general systems theory is committed to holism on the one side and to an effort to generalize structural, behavioral and developmental features of living organisms on the other side, cybernetics is committed to an epistemological perspective that views material wholes as analysable without loss, in terms of a set of components plus their organization (->epistemolgy, ->analysis, ->system). organization accounts for how the components of such a system interact with one another, and how this interaction determines and changes its structure. it explains the difference between parts and wholes and is described without reference to their material forms. the disinterest of cybernetics in material implications separates it from all sciences that designate their empirical domain by subject matters such ~s physics, biology, sociology, engineering and general systems theory. its epistemological focus on organization, pattern and communication has generated methodologies, (->methodology) a logic, laws, theories and insights that are unique to cybernetics and have wideranging implications in other fields of inquiry. in cybernetics, theories tend to rest on four basic pillars
Alternativ, шведский
Constraint, английский
- Сдерживание (отношение события к последующей работе, из-за которого работа не может быть начата; отношение работы к последующему событию, из-за которого это событие не может совершиться)
- N 1 ограничение (син. restriction); 2 то же, что и cognitive principle functional head c~ уис один из принципов универсальной грамматики, согласно кото- рому фунциональная вершина требует нали- чия определенных признаков у своих ком- плементов 1 рассматриваемые в логике утвердительные выражения. mental ~s умственные ограничения
- The difference between a set and a subset indicating that the variety that exists under one condition is less than the variety that exists under another (after ashby). for an observer, constraints become apparent when he finds that a system can assume fewer states than are logically possible or hypothesised by him. within a cartesian product a constraint is the complement of a relation, the former contains all states excluded by the latter. information is a measure of the constraint imposed by a condition or message.
- A limitation or a restriction.
- Сдерживающий фактор
- Any restriction that occurs to the transverse contraction normally associated with a longitudinal tension, and that hence causes a secondary tension in the transverse direction.
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Requisite variety, английский
->lah ~ requisite variety research anq development (r&d)
Selective information, английский
->information self-correcting~
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