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Possibilstic
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
Attribute of systems whose behavior includes options without specification of probabilities (->probability) within that system. in contrast to deterministic systems, possibilistic systems leave some uncertainty in the specification of future states and behavior, even if all relevant conditions are known. possibilistic systems are also called non-deterministic.
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Specification, английский
- Document that prescribes the requirements with the product, process or service has to conform (5)
- Техническое требование [условие]; спецификация
- Спецификация, перечень
- Описание изобретения
- A written document describing in detail the scope of work, materials to be used, method of installation, and quality of workmanship for a parcel of work to be placed under contract; usually utilized in conjunction with working (contract) drawings in building construction.
- N конкретизация, сужение; спецификация; идентификация feature ~ идентификация признаков specified a заданный, указанный; идентифици- рованный feature specifier n спецификатор specifying a конкретизирующий article spectrographic a спектрографический analysis
- Спецификация документ, в котором указаны описание и требования к препарату.
- Спецификация, технические требования
- A set of conditions and requirements, of specific and limited application, that provides a detailed description of a procedure, process, material, product, or service for use primarily in procurement and manufacturing. standards may be referenced or included in a specification. (eipsc) soecification
- In information processing, a description of the data records, programs, and procedures involved in a particular task.
- A written description of the claimed invention and the manner and process of making and using the claimed invention. the specification is required to be in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which the invention or discovery appertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the claimed invention. the specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention.
- Document that describes the invention and sets out the scope of protection. includes the description, claims and any drawings.
- A written description of the invention and the manner and process of making and using the same.
- Set of instructions or standards invoked by a specific customer to govern the results or performance of a specific set of tasks or products.
- Set of instructions or standards invoked to govern the properties, results or performance of a specific set of tasks or products.4-6
- Set of instructions or standards invoked to govern the properties, results, or performance of a specific set of tasks or products. compare code; recommended practice; standard.
- Set of instructions or standards invoked to govern the properties, results, or performance of a specific set of tasks or products. compare code; standard (iesna 1984).
- Set of instructions or standards invoked to govern the results or performance of a specific set of tasks or products.5,6 388 magnetic testing
- Set of instructions or standards invoked by a specific customer to govern the results or performance of a specific set of tasks or products.10
- Спецификация
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
Deterministic, английский
- Детерминированный
- Attribute of systems whose behavior is specified without probabilities (other than zero or one) (->probability) and predietable without uncertainty once the relevant conditions are known. deterministic systems leave nothing to chance and are of necessity lawful. there are no options. deterministic systems conform to the ideal of a machine in which wear and tear, mechanical failures and unreliabilities are absent. modern computers are conceived as deterministic machines. deym,opment
- A process that has no random (stochastic) component.
Uncertainty, английский
- Неизвестность. неопределенность.
- Неопределенность. недостоверность. сомнительность. ненадежность.
- Неопредел
- Неопределенность. параметр, связанный с результатом измерения, характеризующий дисперсию значений, которые могут быть обоснованно отнесены к аналиту. таким параметром может быть, например, среднеквадратическое откло-нение (или кратное ему) или ширина доверительного интервала. также: оценка, относящаяся к результату проверки, которая характеризует область значений, внутри которой лежит истинное значение.
- The (average) number of binary decisions a decision maker has to make in order to select one out of a set of mutually exclusive alternatives, a measure of an observer`s ignorance or lack of information (->bit). since the categories within which events are observed are always specified by an observer, the notion of uncertainty emphasises the cognitive dimension of information processes, specifically in the form of measures of variety, statistical entropy including noise and equivocation. 78
- Неопределенность. параметр, связанный с результатом измерения, характеризующий дисперсию значений, которые могут быть обоснованно отнесены к аналиту. таким параметром может быть, например, среднеквадратическое отклонение (или кратное ему) или ширина доверительного интервала. также: оценка, относящаяся к результату проверки, которая характеризует область значений, внутри которой лежит истинное значение.
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
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Polystability, английский
A stability involving many alternative and sometimes only temporary equilibria (->equilibrium) and is characteristic of systems involving many weakly interacting components. when systems are joined to form larger wholes, communication among them tends to have the effect of disturbing each other`s individual equilibria. the equilibrium of the whole is not merely selective of and may not even coincide with the equilibria of its parts. polystable systems may come to a temporary rest which disturbs some of its parts and forces the system to another temporary rest, etc., until it reaches a final and often dynamic equilibrium. e.g., an economy can typically operate at different configurations of unemployment, gnp, capital investements, etc., and is hence polystable with each major participant, trying to move it away from what they consider less advantageous individually. 59
Programmed instruction, английский
A technique for presenting a subject matter to a student who can work through it at his own learning speed. it consists of a network of statements and tests, which direct the student to new statements depending on his pattern of errors.
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