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Morphogenesis
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A process of creating new organizational forms. in response to changing environmental conditions morphogenesis may be adaptive (->adaptation). as a consequence of positive feedback among physical variables, morphognesis may be destructive like the crack in a rock that lets water in, then roots, and ultimately breaks the rock into pieces. morphogenesis may be radical by the realization of inventions of entirely new ideas about institutions or technologies, or it may be gradual by elaborating (refining and adding on to) existing structures (->growth, ->development, ->organization, ->morphostasis).
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Environmental, английский
Окружающий, внешний (о среде, воздействии); связанный с окружающими условиями [средой]
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
Adaptation, английский
- Адаптация; самонастройка; самоприспосабливание
- Адаптация (приспособление организма к изменившимся условиям среды, питательным и токсичным веществам)
- 1. a change which has been or can be made to something 2. the act of changing something so that it fits a new situation 3. the process by which sensory receptors become accustomed to a sensation which is repeated add add abbr attention deficit disorder
- Адаптация
- N адаптация14 (тж. adaption, см. тж. adoption) theory
- Адаптация; приспособление
- 1) characteristics of organisms evolved as a consequence of natural selection; 2) changes in the form or behavior of an organism during life as a response to environmental stimuli; 3) changes in the excitability of a sense organ as a result of continuos stimulation.
- Stability of success in the face of a changing environment. two kinds of adaptation are distinguished. (a) darwinian adaptation after darwin who observed how organisms change their internal structure when their environment makes existing forms no longer viable. e.g., ashby`s homeostat searches for a new pattern of behavior as soon as disturbances in its surroundings drive or threaten to drive its essential variables outside specified limits. (b) singerian adaptation after singer who described how organisms, particularly man, change the nature of their environment so as to eliminate threats to or prevent the destruction of their own internal organization. e.g., agriculture, architecture and technology adapt the physical environment to human-social needs. the difference between "adaptive" and "adapting" behavior (steg) also reflects this distinction. adaptation can occur in several levels of an organiz~tional hierarchy and may even apply to itself as in "amplifying adaptation" (ashby) which is "adaptation to adapt" and has the properties of self-organization.
- Initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability or increase the resilience of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change impacts. various types of adaptation exist, for example, anticipatory and reactive, private and public, and autonomous and planned. examples are raising river or coastal dikes, retreating from coastal areas subject to fl ooding from sea level rise or introducing alternative temperature-appropriate or drought-adapted crops for conventional ones.
Consequence, английский
- The outcome of an event expressed qualitatively or quantitatively, being a loss, injury, disadvantage or gain. there may be a range of possible outcomes associated with an event.
- Следствие
- The outcome of an event in terms of damage to the health of people, to property or to the environment.
Destructive, английский
- Вредный
- Разрушаемый; выполняемый с разрушением
Realization, английский
- N реализация overt ~ явная реализация
- A legal concept referring to a time when rights have become legally receivable or obligations have become legally payable.
- The production of an object or system according to specific instructions, plans or programs (->information), e.g., building a house according to blueprints, replicating a scientific experiment published previously, cooking by recipe, realizing an artistic idea. 63
- The number of hours that the contact worked during a time period that are billable, that is, the sum of all hours on all time slips during the period that were billable.
Institutions, английский
Insurance companies, pension funds, trusts, foundations, mutual funds, funds managers, bank investment departments.
Development, английский
- Разработка; доводка
- Разработка; развитие; проявление
- Разработка; отработка; отладка; вариант; модификация
- Вариант; развитие (изобретения)
- 1. the process of growing, or of becoming larger and stronger, or more complex the development of the embryo takes place in the uterus. 2. something which happens and causes a change in a situation report any developments to me at once.
- N развитие cognitive ~ когнитивное развитие
- Министерство жилищного строительства и городского развития (сша)
- Property under construction, including preparation and installation of infrastructure
- Any computer code or materials, other than products, fixes or preexisting work, developed by microsoft or in collaboration with customer, which is provided to customer in the course of performance of a statement of services.
- Разработка (месторождения).
- Event, happening, occurrence
- Event, happening, occurrence something that has happened, or the act of making or improving something
- The evolution of something an individual is working on. personal qualities, mental well-being, or useful skills can all be developed and improved.
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Morphostasis, английский
The process of retaining a structure, organization or form. morphostasis may be actively pursued as in the goal of perfect adaptation or simply characterize a state of structural stability. e.g., in sociology, "efforts to retain the status quo" refers to morphostatic forces which admit only those changes that do not threaten existing structures. similarly, in the regulation of room temperature, the wiring of a thermostat with the furnace remains unaltered while interaction achieves a correlation of heating efforts and external temperature fluctuations (->morphogenesis, ->homeostasis).
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Mentalism, английский
The belief that mental processes are autonomous (->autonomy), can explain but not be explained by an organism`s behavior. mentalism is opposed to behaviorism. n.chomsky is its most recent advocate. ~
Morphostasis, английский
The process of retaining a structure, organization or form. morphostasis may be actively pursued as in the goal of perfect adaptation or simply characterize a state of structural stability. e.g., in sociology, "efforts to retain the status quo" refers to morphostatic forces which admit only those changes that do not threaten existing structures. similarly, in the regulation of room temperature, the wiring of a thermostat with the furnace remains unaltered while interaction achieves a correlation of heating efforts and external temperature fluctuations (->morphogenesis, ->homeostasis).
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