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Genetic information
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
The information encoded (->encoding) in the genetic material with which all living organisms are endowed. the carrier of this information is a complex structure of dna. it represents an organism`s biological inheritance and controls that organism`s development, reproduction and self-repair. within an organism, genetic information flows from dna to protein and other products, first, by the transcription of portions of the dna into so-called messenger rna and, second, by the assembly of individual amino acids into polypeptides, including proteins. thus the growth of an organism is controlled. the absence of a mechanism that could reverse the direction of this flow from proteins to dna is the basis for the fact that the experiences an organism makes during its life time cannot be inherited by biological means (->culture). changes in the intergenerational communication of genetic information result from mutations (->noise) and are the target of natural selection (->evolution).
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Genetic, английский
A генетический language
Genetic algorithm, английский
- Генетический алгоритм; алгоритм, использующий методы "цифрового дарвинизма"
- Алгоритм моделирования естественного отбора путем создания и развития популяции особей (решений) для оптимизационных задач.
Genetic analysis, английский
Study of genetic materials
Genetic classification, английский
Genetic code, английский
- The characteristics of the dna of a cell which are passed on when the cell divides and so are inherited by a child from its parents
- Correspondence between mrna nucleotide codons and the translated amino acids
Genetic counselling, английский
Advice and support given to people if they or their children might be affected by inherited genetic disorders
Genetic counselor, английский
Consejero genético
Genetic cul de sac, английский
A place showing signs of inbreeding. example going through new jersey is like travelling through a genetic cul de sac.
Genetic disorder, английский
A disorder or disease caused by a damaging gene variation that may be inherited
Genetic drift, английский
Genetic effects, английский
Genetics effects (with respect to radiation protection ) are those effects present in the offspring of those exposed to probabilistic / stochastic levels of ionising radiation .
Genetic effects of radiation, английский
Effects that produce changes in those cells of organisms which give rise to egg or sperm cells and therefore affect offspring of the exposed individuals.
Genetic engineering, английский
- Same as genetic modification (informal )
- Генная инженерия
- The direct alteration of an organism’s genetics to achieve desirable traits
Genetic epidemiology, английский
Genetic fingerprint, английский
The pattern of sequences of genetic material unique to an individual. also called dna fingerprint
Genetic fingerprinting, английский
A method of revealing an individual’s genetic profile, used in paternity queries and criminal investigations. also called dna fingerprinting
Genetic inheritance, английский
Herencia genética
Genetic labeling, английский
Маркировка продукции, содержащей генетически модифицированные организмы (гмо)
Genetic linkage, английский
Genetic markers (dna), английский
Information, английский
- Knowledge of a particular event or situation, or knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact.
- Информация
- Facts about something have you any information about the treatment of sunburn? the police won’t give us any information about how the accident happened. you haven’t given me enough information about when your symptoms started. that’s a very useful piece or bit of information. (note: no plural: some information; a piece of information.)
- N информация | attr. информационный flow, structure source of ~ источник информации 1 ранее использовался в более широком значении как ‘умозаключе- ние’. 2 получение выводных данных в процессе обработки информации и/или языка и само выводное знание, умозаключение; мыслительная операция, в ходе которой человек выходит за пределы данных в тек- сте сведений и получает новую информацию. 3 аффикс, вставляемый внутрь корня слова при словообразовании или словоизменении.
- In admiralty courts, implies a clause introduced into a citation, intimating that in the event of a party cited not appearing, the court will proceed in his absence.
- Информация; данные; сведения
- Координационный комитет ин4юрмации о проектируемых и возводимых объектах строительства
- Literally that which forms within, but more adequately
- Data that has been recorded, classified, organized, related or interpreted so that meaning is apparent.
- Contextualised data providing answer to a certain question decreasing uncertainty.
- Информация, сведения
Biological, английский
Биологический
Inheritance, английский
- Herencia
- 1. the process by which genetically controlled characteristics pass from parents to offspring the inheritance of chronic inflammatory bowel disease 2. all of the qualities and characteristics which are passed down from parents an unfortunate part of our genetic inheritance
- Наследование
- Real property or personal property that is received by heirs.
- A mechanism that allows a given access control entry (ace) to be copied from the container where it was applied to all children of the container. inheritance can be combined with delegation to grant administrative rights to a whole subtree of the directory in a single update operation.
- The transfer of the characteristics of a class in object-oriented programming to other classes derived from it. for example, if vegetable’ is a class
Development, английский
- Разработка; доводка
- Разработка; развитие; проявление
- Разработка; отработка; отладка; вариант; модификация
- Вариант; развитие (изобретения)
- 1. the process of growing, or of becoming larger and stronger, or more complex the development of the embryo takes place in the uterus. 2. something which happens and causes a change in a situation report any developments to me at once.
- N развитие cognitive ~ когнитивное развитие
- Министерство жилищного строительства и городского развития (сша)
- Property under construction, including preparation and installation of infrastructure
- Any computer code or materials, other than products, fixes or preexisting work, developed by microsoft or in collaboration with customer, which is provided to customer in the course of performance of a statement of services.
- Разработка (месторождения).
- Event, happening, occurrence
- Event, happening, occurrence something that has happened, or the act of making or improving something
- The evolution of something an individual is working on. personal qualities, mental well-being, or useful skills can all be developed and improved.
Reproduction, английский
- Reproducción
- The process of making new living beings by existing ones, e.g. producing children or derived other descendants
- ->copying, ->self-reproduction
- Reproduction means the making of a copy (copies) of a work or an object of related rights in any means and in any material form, including permanent or temporary storage of a work or an object of related rights, in whole or in part, in an electronic or other form.
- A replica of an original piece.
Transcription, английский
- 1. the act of copying something written, or of putting something spoken into written form 2. the first step in carrying out genetic instructions in living cells, in which the genetic code is transferred from dna to molecules of messenger rna, which then direct protein manufacture transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation /trnskju te?ni?s ?lektr?k(?)l n! v st?mj?le??(?)n/
- N транскрипция phonetic ~ фонетическая транскрипция (син. pronunciation 2)
- Process of formation of rna from dna
- Process of synthesizing rna using the information encoded in dna
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
Controlled, английский
- Управляемый; регулируемый
- Управляемый
- Подконтрольный (о предприятиях)
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
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Genesis qe structure, английский
->law of genesis of structure
Gestalt, английский
- A configuration, originally limited to visual forms, or a pattern which is seen as a whole unity. the nearest english equivalent to this german word is whole. the concept has given rise to various theories of perception and learning, educational philosophies and schools of thought, e.g., gestalt psychology, general systems theory and holism. goal-oriented
- If you sort a series of events by a common element then you have a gestalt. there is one element that stands out amongst all of the events and separates the element from the background. for example, if you sort a series of events where the common element is the emotion of anger then you have a gestalt. the pattern gives meaning to an otherwise unrelated set of events.
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