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Eiher
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
Because light consists of waves, the belief that all waves must be channeled through a medium (as sound is through air or water) led 19th century physicists to construct ether as the medium supporting the propagation of light. however, the michelson-morley experiment showed that if ether existed it could not be observed. it also demonstrated, more generally, that the construct of a physical medium is inessential for research into communication processes.
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Supporting, английский
- Поддержка: обеспечение
- Монтаж и крепление
Propagation, английский
- Прохождение, распространение (напр, радиоволн)
- An act of causing something to spread or multiply
- Распространение; размножение; продвижение; передача
- Распространение
- The process of distributing an index from a content index server to one or more web servers for the purposes of providing search.
- Advancement of a wave through a medium.
- Advancement of energy or a crack through a medium. see also brittle crack propagation; ductile crack propagation; fatigue crack propagation.
- Movement of a wave through a medium.7,21
Experiment, английский
- What distinguishes an experiment from an observational study is that in an experiment, the experimenter decides who receives the treatment.
- Эксперимент
- A scientific test conducted under set conditions the scientists did some experiments to try the new drug on a small sample of people.
- N экспе- римент (см. тж. test) associative ~ псхлнгв. ассоциативный экспе- римент psycholinguistic ~ психолингвистический экс- перимент
- Эксперимент; опыт, опытное исследование
Demonstrated, английский
Продемонстрированный
Inessential, английский
Нечто несущественное, малозначащее то, что не является предметом первой необхо-димости; предметы роскоши
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
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Deviation reducing feedback, английский
Negative feedback. a circular causal process during which an initial difference between the value of a variable and a standard or criterion is asymptotically reduced, e.g., as in the regulation of the room temperature by a thermostat.
Embryogenesis, английский
The mechanism of development of organisms from the point of inception to reaching a structural equilibrium, usually conceived of as the adult state (piaget). applicable to social or technological development only if such a mechanism can be described in its own terms and applieed to an origin.
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