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Open source intelligence techniques (osint)
| Глоссарий терминов по социальной инженерии и информационной безопасности |
The practice of using publicly available information found in sources, such as google, linkedin, twitter, whois and facebook, to glean intelligence on an individual. using such sources has made it easy for social engineers to assemble an accurate profile of targets, which they will use in highly targeted attacks. cyber-awareness training should make employees aware of how bad actors use such information and how they can minimise their exposure to the risk.
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Information, английский
- Knowledge of a particular event or situation, or knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact.
- Информация
- Facts about something have you any information about the treatment of sunburn? the police won’t give us any information about how the accident happened. you haven’t given me enough information about when your symptoms started. that’s a very useful piece or bit of information. (note: no plural: some information; a piece of information.)
- N информация | attr. информационный flow, structure source of ~ источник информации 1 ранее использовался в более широком значении как ‘умозаключе- ние’. 2 получение выводных данных в процессе обработки информации и/или языка и само выводное знание, умозаключение; мыслительная операция, в ходе которой человек выходит за пределы данных в тек- сте сведений и получает новую информацию. 3 аффикс, вставляемый внутрь корня слова при словообразовании или словоизменении.
- In admiralty courts, implies a clause introduced into a citation, intimating that in the event of a party cited not appearing, the court will proceed in his absence.
- Информация; данные; сведения
- Координационный комитет ин4юрмации о проектируемых и возводимых объектах строительства
- Literally that which forms within, but more adequately
- Data that has been recorded, classified, organized, related or interpreted so that meaning is apparent.
- Contextualised data providing answer to a certain question decreasing uncertainty.
- Информация, сведения
Intelligence, английский
- Сбор разведывательных данных; разведка
- The ability to learn and understand quickly
- N интеллект, рассу- док, ум, способность к пониманию artificial ~ искусственный интеллект
- [1] information of military or political value. [2] gathering such information.
- Originally, an innate general cognitive ability underlying all of an individual`s processes of complex reasoninng. now, the dual ability to draw appropriate distinctions and to make appropriate, and to a degree better than chance, choices among the things distinguished. the first part of the process is creative (->creativity) and concerns the construction of a cognitive system limited by the amount of uncertainty tolerable. the second part of the process, largely attended to by ashby, is reductive and concerns how much information is brought to bear on a situation, e.g., for giving the correct answer to questions on an intelligence test, for selecting a successful course of action out of all possible ones, for saying the right thing at the right moment to the right person. culture bound intelligence tests assume predrawn distinctions, offer fixed number of alternatives and thus provide a normative measure of only the information processing ability part of intelligence. the constructive and uncertainty increasing ability part of intelligence is manifest in innovations, unconventional perspectives, avantgarde art but also in social deviance.
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
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Out of band (oob) authentication, английский
The use of a separate communication channel, such as an email, telephone, or in-person request, to verify the veracity of a request. this is considered to be a type of two-factor authentication. many high-profile phishing and cyber-attacks on organisations might have been averted if employees had been trained to use oob authentication.
Multi-factor authentication (mfa), английский
Passwords have an inherent weakness as they can be stolen, guessed or brute-forced. as a result, hardware manufacturers and software providers decided this more secure authentication solution was needed. with multi-factor authentication, the user must authenticate by using two or more separate forms of identification. the classic example of multi-factor authentication in action is a bank customer having to use a card and a pin to withdraw money from an atm. having just one “factor” will result in the authentication process failing and the customer being unable to withdraw cash. multi-factor authentication can also be applied to email services, such as gmail, and cloud storage providers, such as dropbox. once enabled, the user needs a secondary code (typically sent to a smartphone) or a hardware token to login. this helps to thwart attackers with stolen passwords from logging into a multi-factor secured account. multi-factor authentication is also commonly referred to as two-factor (2fa) authentication.
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