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Scareware

Глоссарий терминов по социальной инженерии и информационной безопасности
    Also known as “fake anti-virus”, scareware software issue a pop-up alert that aims to frighten unsuspecting internet users into purchasing worthless security software. scareware can also take the form of “system optimisation” software. many scareware applications are vectors for malware that connects your pc to a botnet. in many instances, scareware can be removed from an infected system without paying the attacker. for this reason, many cyberspace miscreants now propagate more profitable ransomware instead.


Anti-virus software, английский
    Software designed to prevent and detect malware infections. early versions of anti-virus software were signature-based, which meant detection relied on a database of known malware. however, malware and virus authors circumvented these detection methods by using techniques, such as polymorphism (changing code on-the-fly), encryption and obfuscation. as a result, many av companies introduced heuristic-based (behaviour-based) detection into their products. but even this type of detection can be avoided as threats can be programmed to lie dormant or execute inside “safe” applications. the efficacy of anti-virus software is further eroded by the prevalence of so-called zero-day threats in circulation which av software has difficulty detecting. despite these shortcomings, anti-virus still acts as a useful layer of defence against known threats. see also scareware.




Purchasing, английский

Optimisation, французский

Cyberspace, немецкий
    Lediglich mathematisch/technisch existierende, simulierte umgebung die mittels computer und informationsverarbeitung entsteht. (nach norbert wiener von griech."kybernetes"=steuermann) das internet ist ein kybernetischer raum. der begriff "c


Profitable, английский

Ransomware, английский
  1. A form of malware in which rogue software code effectively holds a user’s computer hostage until a ‘ransom’ fee is paid. ransomware often infiltrates a pc as a computer worm or trojan horse that takes advantage of open security vulnerabilities. rap (n)

  2. Malicious software designed to hold data hostage for money often by encrypting it. rgb - stands for ed, green, blue". it is a way of specifying a color by giving the amount of each of three contributing primary colors to make the desired color. 7

  3. Malware that attempts to extort money from a user or organisation by taking control of the victim’s machine, files or documents. ransomware, such as wannacry, petya or locky, and their variants can propagate from just one infected system and infect a whole network. in most cases, ransomware uses 256-bit aes to encrypt files. without the decryption key, the victim’s data becomes inaccessible. the attacker will normally request a ransom payment via an untraceable channel, such as bitcoin. however, even if the ransom is paid, there is still a great degree of uncertainty as to whether the files will be decrypted. the most common attack vectors for ransomware are email attachments and links to file sharing sites, such as dropbox or google drive. drive-by-downloads are also used as a conduit, where social engineering techniques are used to persuade the user to open the infected file. high profile victims of ransomware have included the uk’s national health service, telefonica, the spanish telecoms company, and the courier company fedex. however, everyday smaller organisations also become victims to ransomware, which never gets reported.


Search engine optimization (seo) poisoning, английский
    It is not uncommon for social engineers to build a website around frequently used internet search terms in order to lure users into performing an action, such as downloading a trojan or divulging their credit card numbers. for example, a user might enter a computer error message into a search engine only to come across a downloadable “fix” on the first page of the search results. the software might be a trojan or rogue anti-virus software. see also reverse social engineering.


Sandbox, английский
    This is an isolated environment within a computer’s operating system that is used for the opening of suspicious or untested executable files. in the same way that armies blow up suspicious packages in controlled areas, security researchers use sandboxes to open suspicious files or emails without damaging their own systems. however, sandboxes have not proved to be a panacea that many in the it security community had hoped for, as many malware variants now have sandbox detection capabilities. this results in their behaviour being intentionally curtailed in sandbox environments.