|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price support
| Глоссарий экономических терминов |
Government intervention to set an artificially high price through the use of a price floor designed to aid producers.
|
|
Price, английский
- Цена
- Цена о ~s for measured work единичные расценки на (строительные) работы
Price, английский
Price adjustment, английский
- A modification to a quoted price.
- An automatic update of the price of a service item based on the setup of service price adjustment groups.
Price at factor cost, английский
Цена по стоимости факторов производства (рыночная цена минус косвенные налоги плюс субсидии; в снс)
Price band, английский
A price range that has minimum and maximum prices set.
Price basket controls, английский
In price cap regulation, different controls can be placed on specific products or groups of products. the price adjustment of the price cap formula can differ across customer groups or product groups, thus reducing the pricing options available to firms-generally to protect groups with inelastic demands who lack substitutes.
Price c.& f., английский
Цена каф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость и фрахт"
Price cap, английский
A legally established maximum price that is imposed on a product or service. generally, this price is below the one that would otherwise be charged by the supplier (for example, a monopolist). a price cap (or ceiling) is placed on a product or service within a market with the goal of keeping the price low, presumably based on the notion that otherwise the price would be too high. however, if imposed on a product or service subject to a competitive market, a price ceiling is likely to create a shortage of, or excess demand for, that product or service. see price cap formula.
Price cap excessive returns, английский
Since a pure price cap regulation can result in a firm obtaining very high realized rates of return under favorable scenarios (and successful cost-cutting), regulators sometimes adopt a hybrid scheme that can involve sharing high returns with customers if those returns exceed a trigger point. in addition, a maximum return can be specified if there are negative political consequences to high reported returns. note, such sharing rules or caps on returns dampens the firm’s incentives for cost containment-leading to incentives similar to those under rate of return regulation.
Price cap financial model, английский
Some versions of price cap regulation do not focus on identifying an externally-identified x-factor, but base the price control on the revenues necessary to cover the operating costs and provide an appropriate return on investments during the control period. the net present value of the firm incorporates the investments required to meet service quality and expansion targets, as well as projected efficiencies (which can be related to an x-factor). the results of the cash flow model are used to determine the price control.
Price cap formula, английский
A precise expression denoting the constraint facing a firm over the period of a price control. an example of a simple version of the formula would be rpi-x+k+q, where the terms reflect adjustments for retail price inflation, productivity, network expansion, and improved quality of service. in practice, with baskets other features, the formal representation of the formula can be quite complicated.
Price cap path, английский
At the time of the price cap review,a regulated firm might be earning excessive or inadequate returns. the regulator must make a determination regarding where to re-set the starting price for the new price cap formula. sometimes a glide path is established to maintain incentives for cost containment during the last stages of a price control. alternatively, a discrete price adjustment (or one-off approach) is used to quickly re-set the price at a level where expected returns are not excessive (or inadequate).
Price cap regulation, английский
See price reviews and price cap formula. such regulation provides strong incentives to cut costs, but price control must also address service quality issues. such regulation reduces incentives to over-invest in capital during the period of a price control.
Price capping, английский
The application of a limit on the prices that a utility may charge in a given regulatory period. a regulator sets the amount with the aim of taking into account the increases in productivity expected of the sector in comparison with the ongoing inflation in the economy as whole. price capping will often be used in conjunction with benchmarking in order to allow the regulator to more easily assess the levels of productivity that a company should be achieving.
Price ceiling, английский
An upper limit for price.
Price change, английский
Increase or decrease in the closing price of a security compared to the previous day`s closing price.
Price check, английский
The process of looking up a price.
Price cif, английский
Цена сиф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость, страхование и фрахт".
Price competition, английский
Attempts by rival firms to attract customers with lower prices.
Price compression, английский
The limitation of the price appreciation potential for a callable bond in a declining interest rate environment, based on the expectation that the bond will be redeemed at the call price.
Price contingency, английский
Резерв на случай повышения цен
Government, английский
- N управление ~ and binding (theory) управление и связыва- ние (концепция )
- Generally means the constitution of our country as exercised under the legislature of king or queen, lords, and commons.
- The acts, rules, procedures, instruments of power and institutions by which the citizens of a country (or more generally the parts of a system) communicate with (->communication) and exert control upon each other so that the country as a whole maintains its unity and is directed toward ends chosen from within that country (->self-organization, ->autonomy). its opposite is laissez faire. in the reality of politics, government is rarely uniformly distributed and constituted (->constitution) instead in a ruling elite, exercising institutional control over those governed. this unequal distribution of government is particularly prevalent in technical realisations. e.g., the governor of a steam engine, computer control of a production process. in biology, such control hierachies (->hierarchy) rarely exist which suggest that they may be an outgrowth of rational constuctions not a fact of nature. qeafh
- An app category that facilitates engagement with government or politics.
Intervention, английский
- An action by which a third person who may be affected by a lawsuit is permitted to become a party to the suit. differs from the process of becoming an amicus curiae
- Участие центральных банков в процессе регулирования цен на рынке валют;
- A treatment
- Вмешательство
- Вмешательство (в работу системы)
- Any form of government interference with market mechanisms, especially as an attempt to influence market outcomes, e.g., setting environmental standards or establishing price controls.
Artificial, английский
- Искусственный
- Made to resemble a natural material or object, for example, faux marbre.
- A искусственный intelligence, language
- Bait made of some type of metal, plastic or rubber. comes in many colors, may be scented or unscented.
|
Too-big-too-fail, английский
Government practices that protect large banking organizations from the normal discipline of the marketplace because of concerns that such institutions are so important to markets and their positions so intertwined with those of other banks that their failure would be unaccrptably disruptive, financially and economically.
Durable merchandise, английский
Goods that have a relatively lengthy life (television sets, radios, etc.).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
