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Competition-based pricing
| Глоссарий терминов коммунальных услуг |
Setting price according to what the competition is doing or planning.
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Ценообразование на основе действий конкурентов, русский
Установление цен в соответствии с действиями или планами конкурентов.
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Pric, английский
Parts reliability information center
Price, английский
- Цена
- Цена о ~s for measured work единичные расценки на (строительные) работы
Price, английский
Price adjustment, английский
- A modification to a quoted price.
- An automatic update of the price of a service item based on the setup of service price adjustment groups.
Price at factor cost, английский
Цена по стоимости факторов производства (рыночная цена минус косвенные налоги плюс субсидии; в снс)
Price band, английский
A price range that has minimum and maximum prices set.
Price basket controls, английский
In price cap regulation, different controls can be placed on specific products or groups of products. the price adjustment of the price cap formula can differ across customer groups or product groups, thus reducing the pricing options available to firms-generally to protect groups with inelastic demands who lack substitutes.
Price c.& f., английский
Цена каф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость и фрахт"
Price cap, английский
A legally established maximum price that is imposed on a product or service. generally, this price is below the one that would otherwise be charged by the supplier (for example, a monopolist). a price cap (or ceiling) is placed on a product or service within a market with the goal of keeping the price low, presumably based on the notion that otherwise the price would be too high. however, if imposed on a product or service subject to a competitive market, a price ceiling is likely to create a shortage of, or excess demand for, that product or service. see price cap formula.
Price cap excessive returns, английский
Since a pure price cap regulation can result in a firm obtaining very high realized rates of return under favorable scenarios (and successful cost-cutting), regulators sometimes adopt a hybrid scheme that can involve sharing high returns with customers if those returns exceed a trigger point. in addition, a maximum return can be specified if there are negative political consequences to high reported returns. note, such sharing rules or caps on returns dampens the firm’s incentives for cost containment-leading to incentives similar to those under rate of return regulation.
Price cap financial model, английский
Some versions of price cap regulation do not focus on identifying an externally-identified x-factor, but base the price control on the revenues necessary to cover the operating costs and provide an appropriate return on investments during the control period. the net present value of the firm incorporates the investments required to meet service quality and expansion targets, as well as projected efficiencies (which can be related to an x-factor). the results of the cash flow model are used to determine the price control.
Price cap formula, английский
A precise expression denoting the constraint facing a firm over the period of a price control. an example of a simple version of the formula would be rpi-x+k+q, where the terms reflect adjustments for retail price inflation, productivity, network expansion, and improved quality of service. in practice, with baskets other features, the formal representation of the formula can be quite complicated.
Price cap path, английский
At the time of the price cap review,a regulated firm might be earning excessive or inadequate returns. the regulator must make a determination regarding where to re-set the starting price for the new price cap formula. sometimes a glide path is established to maintain incentives for cost containment during the last stages of a price control. alternatively, a discrete price adjustment (or one-off approach) is used to quickly re-set the price at a level where expected returns are not excessive (or inadequate).
Price cap regulation, английский
See price reviews and price cap formula. such regulation provides strong incentives to cut costs, but price control must also address service quality issues. such regulation reduces incentives to over-invest in capital during the period of a price control.
Price capping, английский
The application of a limit on the prices that a utility may charge in a given regulatory period. a regulator sets the amount with the aim of taking into account the increases in productivity expected of the sector in comparison with the ongoing inflation in the economy as whole. price capping will often be used in conjunction with benchmarking in order to allow the regulator to more easily assess the levels of productivity that a company should be achieving.
Price ceiling, английский
An upper limit for price.
Price change, английский
Increase or decrease in the closing price of a security compared to the previous day`s closing price.
Price check, английский
The process of looking up a price.
Price cif, английский
Цена сиф...(название порта назначения). цена товара, реализуемого на условиях "стоимость, страхование и фрахт".
Price competition, английский
Attempts by rival firms to attract customers with lower prices.
Price compression, английский
The limitation of the price appreciation potential for a callable bond in a declining interest rate environment, based on the expectation that the bond will be redeemed at the call price.
Competition, английский
- Struggle among trees and other vegetation, generally for limited nutrients, light, and water present on a site. competition can cause reduced tree growth. severe competition in very dense stands may cause stand stagnation (17).
- Конкуренция в реальной экономике всевозможные сочетания таких факторов, как человеческая изобретательность, высокие таможенные барьеры по отношению к продукции тех или иных отраслей, рост эффективности производства ввиду его крупных масштабов и пр мешают развернуться настоящей конкуренции правительства многих стран признают этот факт и стремятся поддержать конкуренцию посредством антимонопольных законов и политических мер
- Соревнование
- Конкуренция
- Interaction between members of the same population or of two or more populations to obtain a resource that both require and which is available in limited supply, hence, limiting overall fitness (survival, growth, reproduction of an organism). asymmetrical c.: competition between two organisms (or species) in which one is much more severely affected than the other (principle of displacement of the weaker by the stronger organism). exclusion c.: the elimination from an area or habitat of one species by another through interspecific competition. exploitation c.: competition in which any adverse effects on an organism are brought about by reductions in resource levels caused by other competing organisms (on a first come first serve basis). interference c.: competition between two organisms in which one physically excludes the other from a portion of a habitat and hence from the resources that could be exploited there. interspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by different species - (exclusion principle of gausse) competing species relying on the same ecological resources cannot exist together. intraspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by the same species. symmetrical c.: (see asymmetrical competition).
- Businesses that sell similar products or services and compete for the same customer segment.
- Intra- or intermarket rivalry between or among businesses trying to obtain a larger piece of the same market share.
- Competition tends to come in two varieties: competition among the few (a market with a small number of sellers or buyers, such that each can exercise some degree of market power) and competition among the many (perfect competition - a market with so many buyers and sellers that none is able to influence the market price or quantity exchanged).
- There are two types of competition:
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Marginal cost pricing, английский
Setting price equal to the additional cost of producing each unit (e.g., kilowatt-hour) in terms of changes in associated variable costs.
Mark-up pricing, английский
Setting price a certain percentage above average cost.
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