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Emissions
| Глоссарий по геотермальной энергии |
Dir ect emissions are released and attributed at points in a specifi c renewable energy chain, whether a sector, a technology or an activity. for example, methane emissions from decomposing submerged glossary, acronyms, chemical symbols and prefi xes annex i organic materials in hydropower reservoirs, or the release of co dissolved in hot water from geothermal plants, or co from biomass combustion. indirect emissions are due to activities outside the considered renewable energy chain but which are required to realize the renewable energy deployment. for example, emissions from increased production of fertilizers used in the cultivation of biofuel crops or emissions from displaced crop production or deforestation as the result of biofuel crops. avoided emissions are emission reductions arising from mitigation measures like renewable energy deployment.
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Attributed, английский
To be identified as the work of a particular author.
Technology, английский
- The use of tools and knowledge to meet human needs.
- Техника; технология
- Техника (означает все знания или неотъемлемую часть знаний о: научных принципах или открытиях; промышленных процессах; материальных и энергетических ресурсах; средствах транспорта и связи, постольку, поскольку эти знания непосредственно касаются развития производства товаров или сферы услуг; документы юнеско)
- N технология speech recognition ~ технология распознава- ния речи3
- Национальный институт стандартов и технологии
- Технология
- The body of knowledge about, and the systematic study of, methods, techniques and hardware applied in the adaptation of the physical environment to man`s needs and wants. the application of scientific knowledge to build or improve the infrastructure of agriculture, industry government and daily life. (technology must not be confused with the very infrastructure it generates). technology has autocatalytic properties. it favores the use of technical devices and processes even in solving social problems, e.g., by using fertilizers to enhance agricultural production rather than a different form of work organization, by using computers for national planning rather than decentralized decision making processes.
- The practical application of knowledge to achieve particular tasks that employs both technical artefacts (hardware, equipment) and (social) information (‘software’, know-how for production and use of artefacts). supply push aims at developing specifi c technologies through support for research, development and demonstration. demand pull is the practice of creating market and other incentives to induce the introduction of particular sets of technologies (e.g., low-carbon technologies through carbon pricing) or single technologies (e.g., through technology-specifi c feed-in tariffs).
Hydropower, английский
The energy of water moving from higher to lower elevations that is converted into mechanical energy through a turbine or other device that is either used directly for mechanical work or more commonly to operate a generator that produces electricity. the term is also used to describe the kinetic energy of stream fl ow that may also be converted into mechanical energy of a generator through an in-stream turbine to produce electricity. informal sector/economy: the informal sector/economy is broadly characterized as comprising production units that operate at a small scale and at a low level of organization, with little or no division between labour and capital as factors of production, and with the primary objective of generating income and employment for the persons concerned. the economic activity of the informal sector is not accounted for in determining sectoral or national economic activity.
Geothermal, английский
- Of or relating to the earth`s interior heat.
- An adjective relating to heat within earth.
Combustion, английский
- Сгорание; горение
- Горение, сожжение
- Any chemical process that produces light and heat as either glow or flames.
- Burning, &c. (see spontaneous combustion.)
- Сгорание, сжигание, горение, возгорание
- Сгорание. химическая реакция, при: которой вещество соединяется с кислородом с выделением тепла: «горение». сгорание топлива, содержащего углерод и водород, считается полным, если цроисходит полное окисление этих двух элементов до углекислого газа и воды. неполное сгорание может привести к тому, что: 1) в золе остается значительное количество углерода; 2) часть углерода выделяется в виде окиси углерода; и 3) молекулы топлива реагируют с образованием ряда продуктов более сложного состава по сравнению с исходными молекулами топлива, и если эти продукты не сгорают, они выделяются в виде дыма. сгорание летучих продуктов может протекать более полно, если сверху на слой топлива подается так называемый вторичный воздух (воздух, пропускаемый через слой топлива, называется «первичным»). воздух сверх количества, теоретически необходимого для полного сгорания (избыточный воздух), следует подавать с минимальным избытком, чтобы` избежать неоправданных потерь тепла с дымовыми газами, слабой теплопередачи и окисления двуокиси серы в трехокись. перенасыщенное сгорание происходит в системе, где топливо подается сверху на раскаленный слой топлива. такая система характеризуется тенденцией к образованию дыма. тороидальное (кольцевое) сгорание происходит в системе, где в печи поддерживается вихревой поток; это увеличивает время пребывания топлива в печи и настолько улучшает горение, что дополнительной подачи воздуха, требуется мало или не требуется совсем. 40
- A combustion reaction involves a substance combining with an oxidizer, releasing a large amount of heat (exothermic) and produces a flame. the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. an oxidizer is a compound that takes electrons in a reaction and can promote or initiate combustion. oxygen and chlorine are examples of oxidizers. when oxygen is available in sufficient amounts, complete combustion occurs. if a hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced. combustion reactions can be oxygen starved or can involve excess oxygen. in an oxygen starved combustion reaction, a combustion reaction has a limited oxygen supply and incomplete combustion occurs. in an environment of combustion in excess air, the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustion reaction is more than is needed for complete combustion and can lead to a hotter, faster burning fire.
- A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
- The chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
Activities, английский
Виды деятельности (в снс; отрасли производства товаров, реализуемых на рынке, и услуг, оказываемых в товарной форме; государственные учреждения — производители услуг; частные некоммерческие организации — производители услуг; услуги, оказываемые одними домашними хозяйствами другим, например, наем прислуги); сферы деятельности (в см.п)
Deployment, английский
- Развертывание; применение; использование; размещение
- A version of the microsoft azure cloud service deployed to the staging or production environment.
- The process of distributing and installing a software program throughout an entire organization.
- The process of moving the configuration files for a virtual machine from the virtual machine manager library to a virtual machine host.
- The result of a deployment.
Production, английский
- Refers to a person acting more dramtic than they would in a show, making the situation epic. example after tasha got up, she caused even more of a scene by throwing her purse on the ground, punching her boyfriend, and stomping into a store. what she did was a production.
- Добыча. извлечение полезного ископаемого из недр.
- Производство
- Производство, продукция (наряду с материальными благами продукция включает только те виды услуг, которые могут рассматриваться как реализуемые: к ним относятся услуги, предоставляемые так называемыми лицами свободных профессий; остальные услуги из состава продукции исключаются; в снс)
- N 1 продуцирование, порождение, производство (син. generation); 2 фон. произношение (производство звука ) 1 обработка документов, созданных на естественном языке, а также разработка методов, технологий и конкретных систем, обеспечиваю- щих общение человека с пк на естественном или ограниченном есте- ственном языке. language ~ когн. продуцирование, порожде- ние речи (син. language generation, speech production; см. тж. speech generation; text to speech system) speech ~ порождение речи (син. language generation, language ~; см. тж. speech generation; text to speech system)
- For obtaining the benefits of trading with our colonies, it is necessary that the goods be accompanied by a “certificate of production” in the manner required by marine law. (see origin.)
- Производство, изготовление
- A rule that processes input and produces a sequence of terminal and non-terminal symbols, which can also be passed to further productions. the rules that a compiler or an expert system uses are often called productions. see also: non-terminal symbol, terminal symbol.
- Any process of synthesis, transformation or destruction realized in a space of interacting components that results not merely in the emission of signals or arrangement of characters, but as in a computer or a clockwork in material entities which are capable of interacting with other entities possibly including with the components that produced them. (->autopoiesis, ->allopoiesis)
- The process of creating usable goods from raw materials and/or parts.
- In the context of project financing, a defined portion of the proceeds of production up to a dollar amount.
- The output of goods and services.
- Добыча. извлечение полезного ископаемого из недр. производ- ство. объем добычи или производства.
- Term used to describe the process of extracting, preparing, storing, and delivering well oils.
- The phase of the petroleum industry that deals with bringing the well fluids to the surface and separating them and with storing, gauging, and otherwise preparing the product for the pipeline.
Cultivation, английский
Культивация
Deforestation, английский
The natural or anthropogenic process that converts forest land to non-forest. see also afforestation, reforestation and land use. demand-side management: policies and programmes for infl uencing the demand for goods and/or services. in the energy sector, demandside management aims at reducing the demand for electricity and other forms of energy required to deliver energy services.
Mitigation, английский
- The act of creating a strategy for handling a problem or set of problems that will either fix the problem or make its effects as painless as possible.
- Предупреждение последствий
- Technological change and changes in activities that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output. although several social, economic and technological policies would produce an emission reduction, with respect to climate change, mitigation means implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks. renewable energy deployment is a mitigation option when avoided greenhouse gas emissions exceed the sum of direct and indirect emissions (see emissions). mitigation capacity is a country’s ability to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions or to enhance natural sinks, where ability refers to skills, competencies, fi tness and profi ciencies that a country has attained and depends on technology, institutions, wealth, equity, infrastructure and information. mitigation capacity is rooted in a country’s sustainable development path.
- Mitigation refers to actions taken by a person to offset their losses following a breach of contract. in employment law, mitigation typically relates to a dismissed employee’s successful efforts to get alternative employment after termination and thereby replace the income stream that was lost. when mitigation efforts are successful, the damages owing to the employee will be correspondingly reduced.
- In the employment law context, mitigation by the employee is taking steps to reduce the damage suffered from a job loss. this means doing what any reasonable person in a similar situation would do to find and accept a job comparable to the one lost. the employee has a duty to mitigate their damages by looking for a new job. notice damages can be reduced by a court if it is determined that the employee failed in their duty to mitigate.
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Energy access, английский
People are provided the ability to benefi t from affordable, clean and reliable energy services for basic human needs (cooking and heating, lighting, communication, mobility) and productive uses.
Drivers, английский
In a policy context, drivers provide an impetus and direction for initiating and supporting policy actions. the deployment of renewable energy is, for example, driven by concerns about climate change or energy security. in a more general sense, a driver is the leverage to bring about a reaction, for example, emissions are caused by fossil fuel consumption and/or economic growth. see also opportunities. economies of scale (scale economies): the unit cost of an activity declines when the activity is extended, for example, more units are produced.
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