Глоссарий терминов, связанных с мебелью. Используйте глоссарий, чтобы лучше понять дизайн мебели, стили, методы производства мебели.
| delignification | Removal of part or all of the lignin from wood by chemical treatment. делигнификация; |
| density rules | - A procedure for segregating wood according to density, based on percentage of latewood and number of growth rings per inch of radius.
- Methods that estimate the density of wood based...
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| diagonal‑grained wood | Wood in which the annual rings are at an angle with the axis of a piece as a result of sawing at an angle with the bark of the tree or log |
| diffuse-‑porous wood | Certain hardwoods in which the pores tend to be uniform in size and distribution throughout each annual ring or to decrease in size slightly and gradually toward the outer border of the ring. |
| dipole–dipole forces | Intermolecular attraction forces between polar molecules that result when positive and negative |
| double spread | Refers to application of adhesive to both adherends of a joint. |
| dressed size | - The dimensions of lumber after being surfaced with a planing machine
- The dimensions of a timber after sawing and planing; usually about 3?8 in. (0.95 cm) in thickness or 1?2 in. (1....
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| dry strength | - The strength of an adhesive joint determined
- The strength of an adhesive joint determined immediately after drying under dsgn on drawings, abbr. for “design.” dt on drawings, abbr. ...
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| dry‑bulb temperature | The temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer |
| drywall | Panel product used as an interior wall and ceiling covering made of gypsum plaster with paper facings |
| edge joint | A joint made by bonding two pieces of wood together edge to edge, commonly by gluing торцевое соединение; |
| edge‑grained lumber | Lumber that has been sawed so that the wide surfaces extend approximately at right angles to the annual growth rings |
| encased knot | - A knot whose rings of annual growth are not intergrown with those of the surrounding wood.
- A knot that is not intergrown with the surrounding wood; a dead knot. encasement 1. a rigi...
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| end joint | A joint made by bonding two pieces of wood together end to end, commonly by finger or scarf joint. |
| end‑grained wood | The grain as seen on a cut made at a right angle to the direction of the fibers (such as on a cross section of a tree). |
| extractive | Substances in wood, not an integral part of the cellular structure, that can be removed by solution in hot or cold water, ether, benzene, or other solvents that do not react chemically with wood c... |
| extrusion spreading | A method of adhesive application in which adhesive is forced through small openings in the spreader head. |
| factory and shop lumber | Lumber intended to be cut up for use in further manufacture |
| failure, adherend | Rupture of an adhesive joint, such that the separation appears to be within the adherend. |
| failure, adhesive | Rupture of an adhesive joint, such that the plane of separation appears to be at the adhesive–adherend |
| failure, cohesive | Rupture of an adhesive joint, such that the separation appears to be within the adhesive. |
| fiber saturation point | - The stage in the drying or wetting
- When drying or wetting wood, the point at which the wood fibers are saturated but there is no water in the cell cavities.
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| fiber, wood | A wood cell comparatively long (≤40 to 300 mm, ≤1.5 to 12 in.), narrow, tapering, and closed at both ends. |
| fiberboard | - A generic term inclusive of panel products of various densities manufactured of refined or partially refined wood (or other lignocellulosic) fibers
- Древесно-волокнистая плита, двп
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| fibril | - A threadlike component of cell walls, invisible under a light microscope.
- A very small fibre 145 filament
- A tiny threadlike element of a synthetic or natural fiber. fibri...
фибрилла; |
| fiddleback-‑grained wood | Figure produced by a type of fine wavy grain found, for example, in species of maple; such wood being traditionally used for the backs of violins. |
| fingerjoint | An end joint made up of several meshing wedges or fingers of wood bonded together with an adhesive. |
| finish (finishing) | (1) wood products such as doors, stairs, and other fine work required to complete a building, especially |
| fire endurance | - A measure of the time during which a material
- The elapsed time during which a material, assembly, or construction provides resistance against the passage of fire (or excessive heat)...
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| fire resistance | The property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it огнестойкость; |
| fire-‑retardant-‑treated wood | As specified in building codes, a wood product that has been treated with chemicals by a pressure process or treated during the manufacturing process for the purpose of reducing its flame spread p... |
| flame retardant | - A treatment, coating, or chemicals that when applied to wood products delays ignition and reduces the flame spread of the product.
- A chemical compound that can be incorporated into ...
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| flame spread | - The propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition across the surface of a liquid or a solid, or through the volume of a gaseous mixture.
- Flaming combustion along a surface...
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| flat‑grained (flat-‑sawn) lumber | Lumber that has been sawn parallel to the pith and approximately tangent |
| full‑cell process | Any process for impregnating wood with preservatives or chemicals in which a vacuum is drawn to remove air from the wood before admitting the preservative |
| gap-‑filling adhesive | An adhesive capable of forming |
| gelatinous fibers | Modified fibers that are associated with tension wood in hardwoods. |
| glue laminating | Production of structural or nonstructural wood members by bonding two or more layers of wood together |
| glued laminated timber (glulam) | A manufactured structural timber product composed of layers of dimensional lumber glued together. |
| hardwoods | Generally one of the botanical groups of trees that have vessels or pores and broad leaves, in contrast to the conifers or softwoods |
| heart rot | Any rot characteristically confined to the heartwood |
| hemicellulose | A celluloselike material (in wood) that is easily decomposable as by dilute acid, yielding several different hemicelulosa; гемицеллюлоза; полуцеллюлоза; |
| hollow‑core construction | A panel construction with faces of plywood, hardboard, or similar material bonded to a framed‑core assembly of wood lattice, paperboard rings, or the like, which support the facing at sp... |
| honeycomb core | - A sandwich core material constructed of thin sheet materials or ribbons formed to honeycomb-‑like configurations.
- A material of sandwich construction having a strong, thin...
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| hot‑melt adhesive | An adhesive that is applied in a molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state. |
| hot‑setting adhesive | An adhesive that requires a temperature |
| hydrogen bond | An intermolecular attraction force that results when the hydrogen of one molecule and a pair of unshared electrons on an electronegative atom of another molecule are attracted to one another. |
| impreg | Wood in which the cell walls have been impregnated |
| incipient decay | - The early stage of decay that has not proceeded far enough to soften or otherwise perceptibly impair the hardness of the wood
- Early stages of decay in wood in which the color has ch...
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| incising | A pretreatment process in which incisions, slits, or perforations are made in the wood surface to increase penetration |
| inconspicuous annual rings | The term is sometimes used to designate wood having small and closely spaced pores, but in this sense the term “fine textured” is more often used. |
| inorganic-‑bonded composites | Manufactured wood-‑based composites where an inorganic binder, typically gypsum, portland-‑cement, or magnesia-‑cement, acts as a continuous matrix and fully encapsul... |
| intergrown knot | A knot whose rings of annual growth are completely intergrown with those of the surrounding wood. |
| interior plywood | - A general term for plywood manufactured
- A plywood, bonded with glue, that has limited moisture resistance; not durable when exposed to frequent or continuous wetting.
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| interlocked‑grained wood | Grain in which the fibers put on for several years may slope in a right‑handed direction, |
| internal stresses | - Stresses that exist within an adhesive joint even in the absence of applied external forces.
- Unseen forces existing within a part. these are forces that exist without the part being...
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| interphase | - In wood bonding, a region of finite thickness as a gradient between the bulk adherend and bulk adhesive in which the adhesive penetrates and alters the adherend’s properties and in which the p...
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| intumesce | To expand with heat to provide a low‑density film; used in reference to certain fire‑retardant coatings. |
| joint efficiency or factor | The strength of a joint expressed as a percentage of the strength of clear straight‑grained material. |
| kiln dried | - Dried in a kiln with the use of artificial heat.
- Lumber dried in a kiln to a specified uniform moisture content.
высушенный в печи; |
| laminate | - A product made by bonding together two or more layers (laminations) of material or materials.
- Многослойный [слоистый] материал; слоистый пластик
- A composite metal, usuall...
состоящий из пластинок ил; расщеплять, расслаивать (на тонкие слои); расслаиваться; разъединять на слои;; припрессовывать пленку к оттиску; слоистый материал; ламинат изготовлять слоистые материалы; состоящий из пластинок или содержащий; расщеплять; расслаивать (на тонкие слои); ламинат; |
| laminate, paper‑based | A multilayered panel made by compressing sheets of resin‑impregnated paper together into a coherent solid mass. |
| laminated strand lumber (lsl) | Similar to oriented |
| latex paint | - A paint containing pigments and a stable water suspension of synthetic resins (produced by emulsion polymerization)
- A paint containing latex in a water suspension (i.e., natural or ...
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| lathe checks | In rotary-‑cut and sliced veneer, the fractures or checks that develop along the grain of the veneer as the knife peels veneer from the log |
| layup | The process of loosely assembling the adhesive‑coated |
| lbs/msgl | Abbreviation for rate of adhesive application in pounds of adhesive per 1,000 ft2 of single glueline (bondline). |
| lignin | - The second most abundant constituent of wood, located principally in the secondary wall and the middle lamella, which is the thin cementing layer between wood cells
- The major noncar...
лигнин; |
| london dispersion forces | Intermolecular attraction forces between nonpolar molecules that result when instantaneous (nonpermanent) dipoles induce matching dipoles in neighboring |
| loose knot | - A knot that is not held firmly in place by growth or position and that cannot be relied upon to remain
- A knot in wood which is not firmly in place and may fall out. loose-laid membr...
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| lumber for dimension | The national dimension manufacturers |
| manufacturing defects | Includes all defects or blemishes that are produced in manufacturing, such as chipped grain, loosened grain, raised grain, torn grain, skips in dressing, hit and miss (series of surfaced areas wit... |
| matched lumber | - Lumber that is edge dressed and shaped to make a close tongued‑and‑grooved joint at the edges or ends when laid edge to edge or end to end.
- Lumber having dressed...
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| mechanical adhesion | Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action. |
| medium‑density fiberboard | A dry-‑process fiberboard manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable binder |
| mineral streak | - An olive to greenish‑black or brown discoloration
- A dark green or brown stain in hardwoods; usually results from an injury during growth. mineral-surfaced felt a heavy, sa...
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| modified wood | Wood processed by chemical treatment, compression, or other means (with or without heat) to impart |
