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Invariant
| Глоссарий по эконометрике (англо-русский) |
- N инвариант
- A relation or transformation which represents " , (->representation), explains (->explanation) or predicts (->prediction) any unchanging (->equilibrium) feature of a behavior, process, grammar, construction or a situation. 42
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Инвариантный, русский
Инвариант;, русский
Инвариантный; неизменяемый, русский
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Transformation, немецкий
Representation, английский
- N репрезента- ция, представление knowledge ~ представление знаний internal ~ псхл. внутреннее представление mental ~ ментальная репрезентация
- A collateral statement of such facts not inserted on the policy of insurance, as may give the underwriters a just estimate of the risk of the adventure. (see warranty.)
- A representation is a set of conventions about how to describe a class of things. representation will generally consist of four parts: 1. a lexicon that determines which symbols are in it vocabulary; 2. a structural part that describes the constraints on the symbols; 3. a collection of methods or procedures that allow the symbols to be manipulated and queried; and 4. a semantics that specifies the meaning of the symbols and their relationships. re-ranking in handwriting and text recognition systems, the task of re-ranking allows the candidate interpretations developed by the recognizer to be ranked or scored according to the language model. see also: word n-gram re-ranking, word-tag model.
- If something stands in place of or is chosen to substitute for something else, the former is considered a representation of the latter. e.g., representation of constituencies in government, linguistic representation of an event (->symbol). the 66 belief that all knowledge is a representation of the properties of the real world is as unacceptable as the insistence that all descriptions or messages are about something else.
Explanation, английский
- N толкование, ис- толкование, трактовка; объяснение explanatorily adv поясняя, объясняя; объясни- тельно (ант. descriptively) adequate
- Объяснение
- Объяснение; толкование
- An important aspect of building trust in a computer-based system lies in its ability to provide compelling justification for the decisions or conclusions that it provides.
- Any theory that logically implies or any system that reconstructs or generates what has in fact been observed. the theory or system used in this process constitutes the explanans or the premises of the explanation. the thing to be explained is the explanadum or conclusion of the explanation. explanation establishes a formal construct on top of existing data, whereas prediction goes beyond them (->generative, ->reconstructibility).
Prediction, английский
- An act of saying what you expect will happen in the future, or what is said the health ministry’s prediction of a rise in cases of hepatitis b
- Прогнозирование; предсказание; прогноз; предредактирование
- Прогноз; предсказание ~ of durability прогнозирование долговечности flow ~ прогноз стока
- Forecasting quantitative or qualitative outputs through function approximation, applied on input data or measurements.59 610 p t echn i cal g los sary
- Literally knowing something outside the range of an observer`s experiences. minimally, prediction is a mere extrapolation of given data into the future (forecasting) or into the past (retrodiction) (->estimation). it is usually justified by reference to general theories or models which serve as the basis for drawing inferences from available data to phenomena outside their range. thus, predictions are the conclusions drawn from the premise of available data using theories and models as a kind of syllogistic device (->simulation) •
- A data mining technique that analyzes existing data and uses the results to predict values of attributes for new records or missing attributes in existing records. for example, existing credit application data can be used to predict the credit risk for a new application.
Equilibrium, английский
- Равновесие
- The state of being equally balanced; a state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced.
- A state of balance
- Равновесие, равновесное состояние ~ of forces равновесие сил
- Literally balance, here balance of forces acting on each other. in a static equilibrium forces compensate each other so that the system is motionless, e.g., a scale at rest. if forces do not compensate each other fully at one instant in time, a system moves until it encounters higher-order constraints, e.g, after starting an engine, it accelerates to a point at which energy supply and work load plus friction are again in balance. in such a dynamic equilibrium, forces complement each other dynamically so that the system`s behavior is repetitive, predictable, does not generate new states and the trajectory follows a regular cycle. e.g., mass production at a well-worked out assembly line, sterotypical conversation within a 28 family, routine administrative procedures. a system may have several distinct equilibria (->polystability). a system in equilibrium conveys no information. one important equilibrium property is stability. homeostasis is a process of interaction favouring an equilibrium.
- The stable state of the system. see: attractor.
- A state of balance in which there is no tendency for change. see disequilibrium.
Construction, французский
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Инвариантный, русский
Инвариантность, русский
- , неизменность какой-либо величины при изменении физических условий или по отношению к некоторым преобразованиям, напр., преобразованиям координат и времени при переходе от одной инерциальной системы отсчета к другой (релятивистская инвариантность).
- Неизменность какойлибо величины при изменении условий или по отношению к некоторым преобразованиям.
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