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Cnpellaito
| Глоссарий по кадрам и профессиям (итальянский-английский) |
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Chaplain, английский
- The priest appointed to perform divine service on board ships in the royal navy.
- A priest, rabbi, minister, or other ecclesiastic attached to a ship or military unit. seafaring is extremely hazardous, and the presence of spiritual guides or mentors has long brought comfort to mariners. as early as the bronze age merchant sailors of crete celebrated an unnamed seagoing goddess, who is depicted as traveling in a boat. however, there is no evidence that her priestesses actually went to sea with the minoan navy. it is however probable that the great phoenician and carthaginian navigators were accompanied by priests of asherah (our lady of the sea), while roman fleets were invariably accompanied by priestly augers who had no spiritual or counseling duties, their task being to read omens and predict the outcome of any campaign or battle. today’s seagoing clergy are normally endorsed by their religious superiors and are given naval orientation and chaplaincy indoctrination before being posted to their initial ship, shore station, or marine detachment. they conduct religious services, provide social, ethical and moral counseling, and give spiritual and emotional support to their “parishioners” (the ship’s company and their dependants). in most navies they are expected to provide pastoral care and solace to members of other denominations or faiths when no appropriate counselor is available. chaplains are designated non-combatants under the geneva convention. • the royal naval chaplaincy service: as early as the seventh century, anglo-saxon kings sent roman catholic priests to sea to “exercise the ministry of the gospel through word and sacrament.” after the reformation, english naval chaplains were exclusively church of england (anglican) priests, but they were not officially regulated until 1677 when it was required that they should be warranted by the admiralty and also hold a certificate of spiritual fitness from either the archbishop of canterbury or the bishop of london. in 1808 they were granted wardroom status and in 1843 became commissioned officers—without distinction of rank,— being assumed to hold the rank or rate of whomever is being counseled. to be more accessible and encourage confidence, they have the option of wearing civilian clerical dress or naval uniform without insignia. today, the royal naval chaplaincy service recruits ordained clergy of virtually all english and scottish, catholic and protestant, christian denominations. when required, the ministry of defence provides naval units with civilian chaplains of the buddhist, hindu, jewish, muslim, and sikh, faiths. • the united states navy chaplain corps: counts its origin from 28 november 1775, only 38 days after the continental navy was formed. early chaplains were recruited more for teaching ability than ecclesiastical duties. they were mainly methodist or episcopalian, and ordination was not mandated until 1841. the first roman catholic priest was commissioned in 1888 and the first jewish rabbi in 1917. today officers of the chaplain corps hold naval rank and include clergy from over 100 denominations and faith groups. they offer spiritual care to naval, coast guard, and marine personnel, and are supported by enlisted rp (religious program) specialists. specialty chaplain insignia identify christians (catholic, orthodox, and protestant) with a cross; buddhists with an 8-spoke prayer wheel; muslims with the crescent, and jews with mosaic tablets surmounted by the mogen david. as in the british service, officers of the corps are expected to work collegially in a pluralistic environment, cooperating with chaplains of other religious faiths. also like the british, they have the option of wearing clerical dress rather than uniform, but the privilege is less often exercised than in the rn.
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Bracirzo, итальянский
Chancellor, английский
Номинальный президент университета (в сша -действительный) управитель собора (ведает соборной библиотекой, наблюдает за спевками хора, хранит соборную печать, назначает директора соборной школы)
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