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Blockade
| Глоссарий по истории гражданской войны в США (английский) |
- When armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people into or out of an area.
- The investment of a town or fortress by sea and land; shutting up all the avenues, so that it can receive no relief.—to blockade a port is to prevent any communication therewith by sea, and cut off supplies, in order to compel a surrender when the provisions and ammunition are exhausted.—to raise a blockade is to discontinue it.—blockade is violated by egress as well as by ingress. warning on the spot is sufficient notice of a blockade de facto. declaration is useless without actual investment. if a ship break a blockade, though she escape the blockading force, she is, if taken in any part of her future voyage, captured in delicto, and subject to confiscation. the absence of the blockading force removes liability, and might (in such cases) overrules right.
- Closing a port, harbor, coastline, or shipping lane to prevent passage, entrance, or exit by hostile and (possibly) neutral vessels. blockade-runner: a vessel which risks all hazards to pass through a blockade.
- The closure of a route, usually to allow engineering works.
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Блокада, русский
- Блокада [осада, обложение, оцепление, окружение (даль, блокировать)] , война
- (англ. blockade блокада) — выключение функции какого-л. органа.
- (военная) (англ. blockade - блокада) - с точки зрения международного права особая форма ведения военных действий, которая заключается в изоляции блокируемого объекта с целью не допустить осуществление им своих внешних связей. различаются су-
- (англ . blockade), 1) система мероприятий политического или экономического характера, направленных на изоляцию, нарушение внешних связей блокируемого государства с целью принуждения его к выполнению каких-либо требований...2) военная блокада - изоляция блокируемого объекта (группировка войск, город, государство и др.) путем нарушения его внешних связей на суше, в воздухе и на море. цель блокады - истощение блокируемой группировки и принуждение ее к капитуляции, подрыв военно-экономической мощи вражеского государства и др. блокада в тактическом масштабе называется блокированием.
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Transportation, английский
- Транспортировка, перевозка
- Also conveyance, carriage
- Транспортирование; перевозки
Investment, английский
- Инвестиции; капитальные вложения, см. capital investment
- Инвестиция
- The first process of a siege, in taking measures to seize all the avenues, blocking up the garrison, and preventing relief getting into the place before the arrival of the main army with the siege-train.
- Финансирование; капиталовложение; вклад; инвестиция
- The purchase of stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares, real property, an annuity, collectibles, or other assets, with the expectation of obtaining income or capital gains-or both-in the future.
- A discrete asset or group of assets held for future income, appreciation, or both and tracked separately.
- The creation of more money through the use of capital.
- An item of value purchased for income or capital appreciation. capital investments include equipment, pipes and other fixed assets. financial investments include stocks, bonds, and other securities.
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
Provisions, английский
- All sorts of food necessary for the subsistence of the army and navy. those shipped on board for the officers and crew of any vessel, including merchant-ships, are held in a policy of insurance, as part of her outfit.
- Резервы на покрытие возможных потерь
Ammunition, английский
- Боеприпасы
- This word had an infinite variety of meanings. it includes every description of warlike stores, comprehending not only the ordnance, but the powder, balls, bullets, cartridges, and equipments.—ammunition bread, that which is for the supply of armies or garrisons.—ammunition chest, a box placed abaft near the stern or in the tops of men-of-war, to contain ammunition, for the arms therein placed, in readiness for immediate action.—ammunition shoes, those made for soldiers and sailors, and particularly for use by those frequenting the magazine, being soft and free from metal.—ammunition waggon, a close cart for conveying military effects.—ammunition wife, a name applied to women of doubtful character.
- The explosive and propellant components of military projectiles, including bullets, bombs, cartridges, fuses, grenades, mines, missiles, powder, primers, pyrotechnics, rockets, shot, shrapnel, and the like.
Discontinue, английский
Прерывать
Sufficient, английский
Достаточный
Declaration, испанский
A statement that a person writes and files with the court. it tells the judge why the person should win the case. sometimes, a person signs this under penalty of perjury
Confiscation, английский
Конфискация
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Referendum, английский
When a proposed law is submitted to a vote of the people.
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